IDENTIFYING THE

INQUIRY AND
STATING THE
PROBLEM
 PURPOSE OF
CONDUCTING RESEARCH

To add something to the current body of knowledge

To find the answers to certain questions by:

describing what happened

explaining how and why certain events occur
predicting when things will happen
SIGNIFICANCE OF ANY RESEARCH
ACTIVITY
PROVIDES AN ANALYSIS OF THE KEY ISSUES, SYNTHESIS OF
1 THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES WHICH ARE LIKELY TO
CONFRONT THE DECISION & POLICY MAKERS.

IDENTIFIES THE APPROPRIATE PARAMETERS TO ASSESS

2 THE NATURE, MAGNITUDE/EXTENT OF THE ISSUES
UNDER CONSIDERATION.
GENERATES A BLUEPRINT FOR IDENTIFYING RELEVANT
3 AND VIABLE ALTERNATIVES TO A PROBLEM BASED ON
SOLID EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE.
Provides guidepost for channeling scarce resources by
searching for the best fit between the problem and its
4 different solutions.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ANY RESEARCH
ACTIVITY
FORCES RESEARCHERS TO BE ANALYTICAL IN FINDING
5 APPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS BASED ON KNOWN
FACTS.

Provides an opportunity for academic faculties to sharpen and hone

their narrow technical expertise which could be shared with their
6 students, and.

Allows educational institutions to be recognized for scientific

7 excellence
 SEEKING A
PROBLEM
What are good resources of researchable problems?
• Theories to be validated, extended, or modified
• Other studies, particularly through research recommendations
• National or international trends or situations to be described or
improved
• Real-life problems, issues, experiences, or situations of SHS students
 FRAMING THE TITLE
• What are the standards in writing the research title?
• A research title must…

• list key variables

• be written in scientific or technical style
• be concise (no more than 12 words) and non-repetitive
• reflect SHS students’ context
• not explicitly provide reference to the research design
 RESEARCH/PROJECT TITLE
• Introduces the project to the reader
• Identifies the program and the project components
• Must reflect the main purpose of the project and gives the reader the idea on
what the researcher proposes to do
• The goal in making the title is to describe the coverage of the research and
delineates the scope
• List the most important factors to be studied as well as
methodology/treatments to be used
• Categorize the words that can be grouped (e.g., height and weight can be
grouped together as growth, flowers and fruits as development)
 RESEARCH/PROJECT TITLE
• Compose the words to form a clear, eye-catching titlE.
• Include the site of implementation
• Review for grammar and improve some of the words without
changing its meaning/message
• Include in the title the common and scientific names
• Avoid using unnecessary words (effect, evaluation, study,
experiment, trials, observations, results, test, factors, analysis,
etc.)
 FEATURES OF A GOOD
TITLE
• Short, easy to remember, and can easily be indexed and retrieved
• Has few words that adequately describes the contents of the paper
(preferably not more than 14 key words or 2 lines)
• Clearly embody the focus of the proposal and it is supported by
the stated objectives and expected outputs
 GOOD TITLE
• Socio-Economic Evaluation and Policy Analysis of Integrated R&D
Project (IRDP) on Bamboo and Rattan
• Benchmark Assessment of the Industrial Tree Plantation-Based
Industry in the CARAGA Region
• Analysis of the Price System And Trade Related Concerns of Philippine
Mango
 BAD TITLE
• Evaluation of the Muslimness of Filipino Muslims in the
Philippines
• Women in Abaca Industry: An Assessment of their
Contributions and Constraints in their Participation
• Evaluation and Cultural Management of Malunggay
 BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
In writing this section,
• Introduce and briefly define the variables under study
• cite the most important study or related literature
• be consistent with terms used
• ensure that paragraphs summarize unresolved issues, conflicting findings,
social concerns, or educational, national, or international issues.
• write the last paragraph to highlight the research gap INTRODUCTION =
Rationale
 INTRODUCTORY
PARAGRAPHS
• Primary goal: catch the attention of the readers and to get them "turned
on" about the subject.
• It sets the stage for the paper and puts your topic in perspective.
• The introduction often contains dramatic and general statements about the
need for the study. It uses dramatic illustrations or quotes to set the tone.
• When writing the introduction, put yourself in your reader's position -
would you continue reading?
 THE RATIONALE
• State the problem clearly – discuss the problem by giving information on
what exactly is the problem, how long it has been a problem, the situation
encountered, its negative consequences if not acted upon.
• Previous works or reviews relevant to the problem may be cited
• State the current need of the country the proposal intends to address.
• The proposal should justify research expenditure in terms of the potential
benefits to be derived.
 DO NOT FORGET.....

• Describe the problem situation considering global, national

and local forces
• Justify the existence of the problem situation by citing
statistical data and authoritative sources
• Make clinching statement that will relate the background to
the proposed research problem
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• This section contains the purpose statements and the
research question(s).
• “This study (or research) aims to…(make congruent
with title).”
• “Specifically, this research (or study) seeks to answer
the following questions:” Phrase questions with the data
to be collected in mind. Answer the questions and
rephrase question if your intended answer does not
match the question.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
• States the audience who will benefit from a study of the
problem and explains how exactly the results will be
significant to them.
• In writing this section,
• In paragraph form, cite beneficiaries (e.g., students,
professors or teachers, university administrators,
parents) of results of study.
• For each beneficiary group, specifically describe how it
will benefit from the findings.
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

• The scope of the study refers to the parameters under which the
study will be operating. The problem you seek to resolve will fit
within certain parameters. Think of the scope as the domain of
your research – what is in the domain, and what is not. You need to
make it as clear as possible what you will be studying and what
factors are within the accepted range of your study. For example, if
you are studying the ill effects of bullying on Senior High school
learners, the scope could include both face- to-face bullying and
cyber-bullying in grades 11 and 12.
SCOPE: Identify the boundaries of the study in terms of respondents,
objectives, facilities, area, time frame, and the issues to which the research is
focused.
This presents the coverage of the research in terms of location, time,
respondents, etc., and the potential weaknesses or problems with the study
identified by the researcher.
What the researcher does NOT intend to do
A researcher must appreciate that the research must define LIMITATIONS
and inform others about what these limits are.
LIMITATIONS
Every study, no matter how well conducted and crafted, has limitations.
These are aspects of your research study that as a researcher you do not have
control. They limit the extent to which your study can go and may affect the
result and conclusion. Future research may cast doubt on the validity of your
conclusion. Your study might have access to specific people in a community,
certain documents, and certain data. These are limitations which may be
overcome by subsequent studies.
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

• In writing this section,

• cite data collection
• identify school involved, number of classes, their grade/year level,
number of participants (or respondents, subjects), and topics of
lessons covered (if applicable).
• state inadequate measures of variables, loss or lack of participants,
small sample sizes, errors in measurement, and other factors
typically related to data collection and analysis.
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

• The scope of the study refers to the parameters under which the
study will be operating. The problem you seek to resolve will fit
within certain parameters. Think of the scope as the domain of
your research – what is in the domain, and what is not. You need to
make it as clear as possible what you will be studying and what
factors are within the accepted range of your study. For example, if
you are studying the ill effects of bullying on Senior High school
learners, the scope could include both face- to-face bullying and
cyber-bullying in grades 11 and 12.
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

• The scope of the study refers to the parameters under which the
study will be operating. The problem you seek to resolve will fit
within certain parameters. Think of the scope as the domain of
your research – what is in the domain, and what is not. You need to
make it as clear as possible what you will be studying and what
factors are within the accepted range of your study. For example, if
you are studying the ill effects of bullying on Senior High school
learners, the scope could include both face- to-face bullying and
cyber-bullying in grades 11 and 12.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ANY RESEARCH
ACTIVITY
A BRIEF STATEMENT OF THE GENERAL
1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY.

THE SUBJECT MATTER AND TOPICS

2 STUDIED AND DISCUSSED.

THE LOCALE OF THE STUDY, WHERE THE

3 DATA WERE GATHERED OR THE ENTITY TO
WHICH THE DATA BELONG.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ANY RESEARCH
ACTIVITY
THE POPULATION OR UNIVERSE FROM WHICH
4 THE RESPONDENTS WERE SELECTED. THIS
MUST BE LARGE ENOUGH TO GENERALIZE
SIGNIFICANT.

THE PERIOD OF THE STUDY. THIS IS THE

5 TIME, EITHER MONTHS OR YEARS,
DURING WHICH THE DATA WERE
GATHERED.