Occupational Therapy in Mental Health

Jimma University
Department of Psychiatry
Faculty of Medical Scince
By

Worknesh Tessema (BSC,MSC),Assisitant Proffessior

Septemper 1,2022
 Occupational therapy can be described as the art and science of
challenging an individual’s effort in specially selected activities that
have been designed to restore and enhance his/her performance

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• The primary goal of occupational therapy is to enable people to

participate in the occupations which give meaning and purpose to

their lives.

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 Occupation
 Is any activities which engages person recourses of time and
energy and is composed of skills and values

• Specific areas
 Eating
 Cooking
 Dressing ,Bathing & brushing of teeth
 Writing and drawing
 Mobility or exercise
 Energy conservation technique
 Home management
 Driving
 Work
 Leisure/games
 Sexuality 4
 Definition

 OT Is the application of goal oriented and purposeful activities in the

assessment and treatment of individuals with psychological, physical
or developmental disabilities.

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 History

 The earliest evidence of using occupations as a method of therapy can

be found in ancient times.
 In 100 BC, Greek physician Asclepiades treated patients with a
mental illness humanely
- BY using therapeutic baths
- massage
- exercise, and music.

 Later, the Roman Celsus prescribed music, travel, conversation and

exercise to his patients.

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 History

 In the 19th century the moral treatment approach proposed the use of
daily activities to improve the lives of people who were
institutionalized for mental illness.
 By the early 20th century, experiments were being made in the use of
arts & craft activities to occupy persons with serious mental disorders.
 This practice gave rise to the first occupational therapy workshops
and later to schools for the training of occupational therapists.

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 History

 World War I emphasized the need for occupational therapy, since the

physical rehabilitation of veterans provided them an opportunity to

return to productive work.

 later the American Occupational Therapy Association was founded.

 In 1952 the World Federation of Occupational Therapists was formed.

 In 1954 the first international congress of occupational therapists was

held at Edinburgh.
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 who need OT?

 Those with Clinical presentation on

• A person with very few symptoms in their old age

• A very young children severely affected by the disease
• An adult who has frequent falls
• Severely mentally ill patients (MDD, schizophrenia, bipolarity etc..)
• N.B. All the same disease but not the same management

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 Goals of OT

 Promotion of recovery
 Mobilization of total assets of the patients
 Prevention long stay of hospitalization
 Creation of good habits of work and leisure's
 Enhance the patient to regain self confidence

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 Settings

It is proved to Apply in:-

 Psychiatric Hospitals

 Rehabilitation centers

 Nursing homes

 Special needs schools

 In addiction center etc…

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 Services

 Independent living skills (self care or self maintenance )

 craft, socialization, leisure activity and education

 Employment, home making , parenting skills & academic preparation

 Therapeutic exercise

 Patient or family education/counseling

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 Conditions to Apply OT

Environment

Therapist Tasks

Client

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 Domains of occupational therapy practice

 Services provided for those who have or at risk to develop an

 Injury
 Disease
 Impairment
 Disorder
 Disability
 Activity limitation
 Participation restriction
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 Steps in occupational therapy process

 Referral
 Screening (ask questions)
 Evaluation(gather data ,identify function/dysfunction)
 Treatment planning (frame of reference goal/objectives
 Treatment implementation (Treatment method )
 Reevaluation
 Discharge planning
 Termination of treatment
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 OT activities
 Assertiveness Training Common areas of assessment include:

 Wood Work  Activities of daily living (e.g.,

bathing, dressing, eating)
 Activities of Daily Living
 Instrumental activities of daily living
 Music, Arts And Clay Work
(e.g., driving, money management,
 Poetry And Drama
shopping)
 Craft Work
 Education.
 Weaving  Work (paid and volunteer)
 Painting  Play. And Leisure.
 Sewing  Social participation.
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 Social Skills (Sport activities) Motor processing skills.
 Skills needed

 Judgment and decision making

 Time management
 Writing
 Active listing
 Speaking

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 Advantages

 Helps to build a more healthy and integrated EGO

 Helps to express and deal with needs and feelings
 Assist in gratification of the basic needs
 Strengthen ego defense
 Reverses' psychopathologies
 Develop self esteem and good self concept

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 Suggested mental illness

 Anxiety disorder(sweeping, washing and gardening )

 Major depressive disorder ( simple achievable crafts )
 Bipolar I manic disorder(non competitive activities e.g. raking grass
 Schizophrenia (puzzles)
 Antisocial personality disorder (group activities cover making,
packing and bottling
 Substance abuse (group activities, involve in planning social activities
 Childhood and adolescent disorder (drawing, painting, candle making,
cover making, packing and bottling 19
 Point to be kept in mind

 Involve patient to select activities

 Activities should utilize patients strength and abilities
 The Activities should be for short duration to foster feelings of
accomplishment
 The selected activity should provide new experience to the patient

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 Role Of Occupational Therapist

 Observer
 Teacher
 Parent hood
 Supporter
 Guider
 Friend
 Warden

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 Conclusion

 It is well clear that OT plays an important role for treating and

rehabilitating mentally ill clients

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We need to have the f/f while doing OT

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 OT in an inpatients units in Jimma
 When patient are painting

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Cooking Activity

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Cooking Activity

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Engaging patient to focus for work

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Coffee Ceremony

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Coffee Ceremony

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Leisure Activity

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Working in the Garden

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Preparing for in Door Activity

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In Door Activity

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Painting

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QUESTIONS

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 References

• 2010. Definition of occupational therapy. Retrieved from:

http://www.wfot.org/aboutus/aboutoccupationaltherapy/definiti
onofoccupationaltherapy.aspx.
• Occupational therapy’s role in mental health recovery.
Retrieved from:
http://www.aota.org/~/media/Corporate/Files/AboutOT/Profess
ionals/WhatIsOT/MH/Facts/Mental%20Health%20Recovery.as
hx
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Thank you