The graph of

circular
functions
GRSHS-X
Teacher Cez
Graphs of sine
& cosine
Functions
 • Graph the sine & cosine functions
• Identify properties of a sinusoidal
graph: amplitude, period, vertical
shift, and phase shift.
Learning
Objectives
Presentation title 20XX 3
 DOMAIN AND RANGE OF THE SIX CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

•There are no restrictions on the domain

of sine and cosine functions; therefore,
their domain is the set of all real numbers
(t x ∈ R). Notice, however, that the range
for both y = sin(x) and y = cos(x) is
between -1 and 1. Therefore,
transformations of these functions in the
form of shifts and stretches will affect the
range but not the domain.

Presentation title 20XX 4

 DOMAIN AND RANGE OF
THE SIX CIRCULAR
FUNCTIONS

•There are no restrictions on the domain of

sine and cosine functions; therefore, their
domain is the set of all real numbers (t x ∈
R). Notice, however, that the range for both
y = sin(x) and y = cos(x) is between -1 and
1. Therefore, transformations of these
functions in the form of shifts and stretches
will affect the range but not the domain.

Presentation title 20XX 5

Steps in Graphing of and

1.Determine the amplitude. The amplitude is given by which

indicates the height of the graph.

2.Determine the period m of the function. The period is given by

m = is equal to the length of one complete cycle.

Presentation title 20XX 6

Steps in Graphing of and

3. Divide the period into four equal parts.

4. Construct the table of values.

5. Plot the points then connect to sketch the

graph.
Presentation title 20XX 7
Example 1. Sketch the graph of .

Solution:

Amplitude = = |2| = 2

Period: m = = m = =

Divide the period into four equal parts:

= = =

Presentation title 20XX 8

Example 1. Sketch the graph of .

TABLE OF VALUES

X 0

Y 0 2 0 -2 0
Presentation title 20XX 9
Example 1. Sketch the graph of .

Graph of .

Presentation title 20XX 10

Example 1. Sketch the graph of .

Domain: x ∈ R

Range: [ - 2, 2]

Zeros of the function: where n is an integer

Maximum value is 2 and minimum value is – 2

The graph is a smooth curve which extends indefinitely in both directions of

the x-axis.
Presentation title 20XX 11
The graph of .

The basic curve may shift horizontally. The amount of

shifting either to the left or to the right is known as the
phase shift. The phase shift of the sine function is given
by . If then move the curve of to the left by units. If then
move the curve of to the right by units.

Presentation title 20XX 12

 Example 2. Sketch the graph of .

Solution:

Amplitude = = |2| = 2

Period: m = = m = =

Divide the period into four equal parts:

= = =

The phase shift is . Since we move the basic curve units to the left. Thus,

Presentation title = 20XX 13

 Table of values:

Example 2. Sketch the graph of .

TABLE OF VALUES

x 0

y 2 0 -2 0 2
Presentation title 20XX 14
Graph of and .

Presentation title 20XX 15

 Example 3. Sketch the graph of and

Solution:

For

Amplitude = = |1| = 1

Period: m = = m = =

Divide the period into four equal parts:

= = =

20XX 16
Example 3. Sketch the graph of and

TABLE OF VALUES

x 0

y 1 0 -1 0 1
Presentation title 20XX 17
Example 3. Sketch the graph of and

Graph of y = cos x

Presentation title 20XX 18

Example 3. Sketch the graph of and

Domain: x ∈ R

Range: [ - 1, 1]

Zeros of the function: where n is an odd integer

Maximum value is 1 and minimum value is – 1

The graph is a smooth curve which extends indefinitely in both directions of the x-axis.

Presentation title 20XX 19

Example 3. Sketch the graph of and

For

Amplitude = = || =

Period: m = = m = =

Divide the period into four equal parts:

= = =

The phase shift is . Since we move the basic curve units to the right. Thus,

Presentation title 20XX 20

 Table of values:

Example 3. Sketch the graph of and

TABLE OF VALUES
X 0 2
original
X

Presentation title 20XX 21

 Table of values:

Example 3. Sketch the graph of and

Graph of and

Observe that the graph of is shifted units to the right of graph with respect to the x-axis and its height decreases
to .
Presentation title 22
 Summary

In general, the graph of sine and cosine function will be affected by the values of the
and . When , the graph of the sine and cosine functions will vertically stretch while it will
be compressed closer to the x-axis. Similarly, when , the graph will have a shorter
period and have a longer period for . Also, you can observe that the graphs of the sine
and cosine functions have a pattern of hills and valleys that repeat. If a function has a
repeating pattern like sine or cosine, it is called a periodic function. The period is the
length of the smallest interval that contains exactly one copy of the repeating pattern.
Any part of the graph that shows this pattern over one period is called a cycle.

Presentation title 20XX 23

 ACTIVITY
1. Sketch the graph of one cycle of , and
2. y=

Presentation title 20XX 24

 Thank you
Presentation title 20XX 25