Write CS if the sentence

is COMPLETE and IS if
it is INCOMPLETE.
1. but to kiss the wind
all day long
CS IS
2. When the world was still
new, the rice plant has no
value

CS IS
3. went down to visit

CS IS
 4. She silently
observed her surroundings

CS IS
5. The goddess gave all that
she can

CS IS
6. She was glad to see that all the
panicles became full of rich rice
grains

CS IS
7. After she has done her
duty

CS IS
 8. with the last drops of
the merciful goddess’ milk

CS IS
9. She opened her robe
and exposed her white
bosom
CS IS
10. She took interest in a
worthless rice plant which
sprouted in the alley

CS IS
What observations have
you made between
COMPLETE and
INCOMPLETE
sentences?
1. but to kiss the wind all
day long
2. When the world was
still new, the rice plant
has no value
3. went down to visit
Can you further
distinguish the
two?
 HEPARS
PHRASE
 UCSELA
CLAUSE
TENECNES
SENTENCE
 THIS WEEK’S LESSON

PHRAS
E CLAUS
E SENTEN
CE
 Phrase
-In the huge tree on the top
of the mountain
-Walking every morning
under the heat of the sun
-The man on stage
Phrase
A phrase is a related group of
words. The words work
together as a "unit," but they
do not have a subject and a
verb.
 Examples
-In the huge tree on the top of the
mountain
-Walking every morning under the
heat of the sun
-The man on stage
Phrase
Phrases can be very short –
or quite long.
“After dinner”
“Waiting for the rain to stop”.
 Phrases may be:
Noun phrase Gerund phrase
Verb phrase Infinitive phrase
Adverbial phrase Prepositional
Noun Phrase Verb Phrase
A noun phrase is a A verb phrase consists of
group of two or more a verb plus another
words headed by a word that further
noun with illustrates the verb
modifiers (e.g., 'the,' tense, action, and tone.
'a,' 'of them,' 'with
her').
 Noun Phrase Verb Phrase
• were waiting for the
•the nice neighbor
movie
• a girl • are trying very hard
• an apple a day • eat the cake
• her beautiful sister • was hugging the dog
• their house • is playing tennis
Has been studying

Noun Verb
Phrase Phrase
Has been studying

Verb
Phrase
the man you spoke
to
Noun Verb
Phrase Phrase
the man you spoke
to
Noun
Phrase
 A red box

Noun Verb
Phrase Phrase
 A red box

Noun
Phrase
 Is coming

Noun Verb
Phrase Phrase
Is coming

Verb
Phrase
 Adverbial Gerund Phrase
Phrase
A phrase that consists
A group of words
of gerund or verbs
that function as an
with –ing that
adverb function as a subject.
 Adverbial Gerund Phrase
Phrase
• running through the
•In the morning
•After the meal woods
•When the sun rises • eating shellfish
• slowly to the store • teaching English
• along the beach • breastfeeding a baby
 Chasing a ball

Adverbial Gerund
Phrase Phrase
Chasing a ball

Gerund
Phrase
 Of the food

Adverbial Gerund
Phrase Phrase
 Of the food

Adverbial
Phrase
Eating ice cream

Adverbial Gerund
Phrase Phrase
Eating ice cream

Gerund
Phrase
 In the shop
window
Adverbial Gerund
Phrase Phrase
 In the shop
window
Adverbial
Phrase
 Infinitive Prepositional
Phrase Phrase
It uses prepositions
An infinitive form
but often add an
of the verb plus
adjective or
any complements
modifiers
and modifiers.
 Infinitive Prepositional
Phrase Phrase
• to bury the • in the silvery
treasure moonlight
• to go on holidays • across the street
• to write in English • on the wooden
table
To see her daily

Infinitive Prepositional
Phrase Phrase
To see her daily

Infinitive
Phrase
Over the rainbow

Infinitive Prepositional
Phrase Phrase
Over the rainbow

Prepositional
Phrase
Behind the scenes

Infinitive Prepositional
Phrase Phrase
Behind the scenes

Prepositional
Phrase
 To earn more
money
Infinitive Prepositional
Phrase Phrase
 To earn more
money
Infinitive
Phrase
Phrase
A phrase is a related group of
words. The words work
together as a "unit," but they
do not have a subject and a
verb.
 Seatwork # 2.2
Identify the type of phrase shown in
the following group of words. Write
NP for Noun phrase, VP for Verb
phrase, AP for Adverbial phrase, GP
for Gerund phrase , IP for Infinitive
phrase and PP for Prepositional
phrase.
 Seatwork # 2.2
1. The beautiful maiden
2. Up the rough river
3. Before the meal
4. Are not participating
5. Reading a novel
 Seatwork # 2.2
6. To eat on the plane
7. To travel the world
8. Swimming in the ocean
 Seatwork # 2.2
9. A tall giraffe
10. Is cooking a dish
11. Under the couch
12. During the week
 Clause
A clause is a group of
words that consists of
a subject and a verb.
 Clause
It can stand alone as a
complete sentence unlike
phrase because it gives a
complete meaning.
 Clause
For instance, in the above example
the clause ‘He is sleeping’ can
alone stand as a sentence as it
gives a complete meaning to the
reader.
 Clause may be:
•DEPENDENT
CLAUSE
•INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE
 Independent Dependent
Clause Clause
A dependent clause cannot
An independent stand on its own. It needs an
independent clause to
clause is a simple complete a sentence.
sentence. It can Dependent clauses often
stand on its own. begin with subordinating
conjunctions.
Subordinating Conjunctions
after, although, as, as if, because,
before, how, if, since, than, though,
unless, until, when, where and
while, despite, even if, even though,
in order that, rather than, since, so
that, that, whereas and whether
 Independent Dependent
Clause Clause
Examples:
Examples: • Although she is
• She is hungry.
hungry …
• I am feeling well
• Whoever is hungry …
today. • Because I am feeling
well …
 While taking his
homework out of his car

Dependent Independent
Clause Clause
 While taking his
homework out of his car

Dependent
Clause
Next Tuesday will be my
first day at my new job.

Dependent Independent
Clause Clause
Next Tuesday will be my
first day at my new job.

Independent
Clause
If the interview goes well

Dependent Independent
Clause Clause
If the interview goes well

Dependent
Clause
 before you can eat
dessert

Dependent Independent
Clause Clause
 before you can eat
dessert

Dependent
Clause
My car broke down less
than a mile from my
home.
Dependent Independent
Clause Clause
My car broke down less
than a mile from my
home.
Independent
Clause
Seatwork # 2.3
Identify the following
clause as Dependent or
Independent.
Seatwork # 2.3
___ 1. I refused to go because I
had homework to do.
___ 2. After I finish college
Seatwork # 2.3
___ 3. They were playing
Frisbee while he was studying.
___ 4. if she had rewritten it
Seatwork # 2.3
___ 5. Unless you return your
library book today
___ 6. that he had dropped in
the snow on Christmas Day
Seatwork # 2.3
___ 7. Although he looked a
long time, he couldn’t find it.
___ 8. I could make good
grades if I studied.
Seatwork # 2.3
___ 9. Until you understand
subjects and verbs,
___ 10. I will follow wherever
you go.
Let's Practice! • Baking and cooking are her favorite hobbies.

• She appreciated her cleaning the bedroom.

Underline the gerund used in
each sentence and box the gerund • She might be scolded for breaking the rules.
phrase.
• She enjoyed skating when she was little.

Example • My father is known for playing the piano well.

Swimming in the lake is

dangerous.
Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases
An infinitive is a verb form that is usually preceded by the word "to" and it functions as a
noun, an adjective, or an adverb in a sentence. An infinitive can also function as a subject,
object, and complement in a sentence.

Examples
• To run might not be the best option. (Infinitive as a subject)
• The students wanted to participate. (Infinitive as a direct object)
• Her agenda is to visit. (Infinitive as a complement)
• She has the power to continue. (Infinitive as an adjective)
• They were ready to leave. (Infinitive as an adverb)
Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases
Infinitive phrases contain an infinitive with complements and modifiers. These phrases may
be placed in different parts of a sentence as they function as subjects, objects, or
complements.

Examples
They need to eat early.
(The infinitive phrase in the sentence above is "to eat early." The phrase functions as the
direct object of the sentence.)

To be a successful man is my ultimate goal in life.

(The infinitive phrase in the sentence above is "to to be a successful man." The phrase
functions as the subject of the sentence.)
Let's Practice! • My mother likes to bake for the family.

• The manager made an effort to solve the

Underline the infinitive used in problem.
each sentence and box the
infinitive phrase. • My teacher taught me the proper way to write.

• To be part of the team is rewarding.

Example
• She visited her cousins to play video games.
She learned to play the piano when
she was eight.
 Lesson Wrap Up
A participle is a verb form that functions as an

01 adjective in a sentence. Participial phrases contain a

participle with any complements and modifiers.

A gerund is a verb in present participle form that

02 functions as a noun in a sentence. Gerund phrases

contain a gerund with complements and modifiers.

An infinitive is a verb form that is usually preceded

03 by the word "to" and it functions as a noun, an

adjective, or an adverb in a sentence.
 English Grammar 07

Thank you for

listening!

Rosa Maria Aguado's Class