Ho Chi Minh City University of

Technology and Education

CHAPTER 5: IGNITION SYSTEM

Do Van Dung, Ass. Prof. PhD

Faculty of Vehicle Engineering
Email: dodzung@hcmute.edu.vn
Mobile: 0903644706
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 VIDEO CLIPS TO WATCH

1- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94iksaQwUo
2- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=742Ml4oD3s4
3- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dK4mb1yS0dY
4- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMLSNwQiiKg
5-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIQ4IWSpMO0
6- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWyn_eV-DzM
7-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htzs9Scqegw
8- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfqXhnr2Ho4
9-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZysyokEU60
10-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZysyokEU60&list=RDCMUC
EjpJys5OICSIKeIXK5fWxw&start_radio=1&rv=4ZysyokEU60&t=1
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11- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4SEh_pev6E
12-http://www.s262612653.websitehome.co.uk/ems/
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 HYSTORY OF VEHICLE IGNITION SYSTEM
An ignition system generates a spark with high temperature to
ignite a fuel-air mixture in spark ignition engines, oil-fired and
gas-fired boilers, rocket, etc..
Hystory:
Siegfried Marcus patented a igniting device for gas engines on 7
October 1884 (magneto). An battery ignition system was
developed by the Dayton Engineering Laboratories Co. (Delco)
and introduced in the 1912 Cadillac. The first electronic ignition
was tested in 1948 by Delco-Remy, while Lucas introduced a
transistorized ignition in 1955. Digital ignition system began at
late 1970s. 1980s: Programmed ignition was developed. 1990s:
distributorless ignition. Near future: Laser ignition.
Classification
There are many types of coil ignition systems: capacitor
discharge ignition (CDI) or inductive discharge ignition (IDI);
distributor or distributorless… 3

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HYSTORY OF CAR IGNITION SYSTEM

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VEHICLE IGNITION EVOLUTION

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CONVENTIONAL IGNITION SYSTEM COMPONENTS

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CONVENTIONAL IGNITION COILS

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WASTED SPARK IGNITION COILS

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COILS ON PLUG (COP)

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COILS ON PLUG (COP)

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CONTACT BREAKERS DISTRIBUTOR

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HALL EFFECT SENSOR DISTRIBUTOR

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IGNITION MODULE (IGNITER)

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SPARK PLUG

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SPARK PLUG: HOT AND COLD

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SPARK PLUGS AND HEAT RANGE

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 1ST GENERATION: MAGNETO (WITHOUT BATTERY)
Magneto principle: The engine spins a magnet inside a coil and a
contact breaker, interrupting the current and causing the voltage
to be increased sufficiently to jump a small gap.

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2nd GENERATION: BATTERY & COIL OPERARED IGNITION

Inductive discharge ignition: A battery ignition system has a

6- or 12-volt battery to supply electricity through an ignition
coil to increase the voltage by a device (breaker (2a) or
transistor (2b)) to interrupt current from the coil.

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 2b GENERATION: TRANSISTORIZED (ELECTRONIC) IGNITION
Transistorized ignition: contact breaker points were replaced by an angular
sensor (magnetic pick-up, optical or a Hall effect sensor). The sensor’s output
is shaped and processed by circuitry, then used to trigger a switching device
(transistor, thyristor), which switches a large current through the primary coil.
The first electronic ignition was tested in 1948 by Delco-Remy. [

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MAGNETIC PICK-UP (VR –VARIABLE RELUCTANCE SENSOR)

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 IGNITER WITH VR SENSOR

VR sensor igniter principle

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 HALL EFFECT SENSOR
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpAA3qeOYiI
A Hall effect sensor is a type of sensor which detects the presence and
magnitude of a magnetic field using the Hall effect. The output voltage of a Hall
sensor is directly proportional to the strength of the field. It is named for the
American physicist Edwin Hall. Hall sensors are used for proximity sensing,
positioning, speed detection, and current sensing applications.

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 HALL EFFECT SENSOR
Hall effect sensor principle

VH=I.B/q.d.ρn
where:
•VH is the Hall voltage across the conductive
plate,
•I is the current passing through the plate,
•q is the magnitude of the charge of the charge
carriers,
•ρn is the number of charge 23 carriers per unit

volume, and
•d is the thickness of the plate.
 HALL EFFECT SENSOR IGNITER
Hall effect sensor igniter principle

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 OPTICAL SENSOR

Optical sensor principle

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 OPTICAL SENSOR DISTRIBUTOR

Optical sensor distributor

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 OPTICAL SENSOR AND IGNITER

Optical sensor & igniter principle

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DIGITAL IGNITION CONTROL

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DIGITAL IGNITION CONTROL

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DIGITAL IGNITION CONTROL

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 IGNITION THEORY
Cylinder pressure & ignition timing

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 IGNITION THEORY
Ignition system main parameters:
1- Frequency, cycle: f=nZ/120; T=120/nZ
2-Max high voltage: U2max
3- Breakdown voltage Ub (see Paschen’s Law)
4- Reserving constant: Kres=U2max/Usp
5- Reserved energy: Wres
6. Rate of change of high voltage: du2/dt
7- Ignition advance timing
8- Spark energy and spark duration 32
 IGNITION THEORY

Paschen’s Law of Breakdown Voltage

 IGNITION THEORY
Primary current

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 IGNITION THEORY
Primary coil current

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 IGNITION THEORY
Current and high voltage in ignition coils

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 IGNITION THEORY
Max secondary voltage

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DIGITAL IGNITION CONTROL

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 DIGITAL IGNITION CONTROL
In a typical electronic ignition control system, the total
spark advance, SA (in degrees before TDC), is made up
of several components that are added together:

The first component, SAs, is the basic spark advance,

which is a tabulated function of RPM and MAP or MAF.

The second component, SAP, is the contribution to

spark advance due to mass airflow or manifold pressure.

In general, the SAP is reduced as intake manifold
pressure increases, owing to an increase in combustion
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rate with pressure.

IGNITION MAP

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DETONATION

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KNOCK SENSOR

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KNOCK CONTROL

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 KNOCK CONTROL
• In the slow correction scheme, spark advance is decreased by
one (or more) degree each time knock is detected, until no
knocking is detected.
• The spark advance proceeds in one-degree increments after many
engine cycles.

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CDI – CAPACITOR DISCHARGE IGNITION SYSTEM

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CDI – CAPACITOR DISCHARGE IGNITION SYSTEM

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 LASER IGNITION
https://www.partinfo.co.uk/articles/218

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Alfa Romeo
LASER IGNITION

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ADVANCED CORONA IGNITION SYSTEM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAz59qiFWWM

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 DIGITAL TWIN SPARK ENGINE
https://cat-engines.blogspot.com/2020/03/dts-si-how-digital-twin-spark-
swirl.html

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Alfa Romeo
 PAGES TO READ
Ignition system mathematical model:
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/phys-2018-
0011/html

Ignition systems evaluation:

file:///C:/Users/DODZUN~1/AppData/Local/Temp/21048-
Article%20Text-105722-1-10-20140911.pdf

Plasma ignition system:

https://www.denso-ten.com/business/technicaljournal/pdf/Vol0
1-10.pdf

Laser ignition: 51

https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/913359
 PROJECTS
1. Design a ignition timing monitoring dashboard by
LabVIEW.
2. Comparison CDI and TDI
3. Study on dual and twin spark ignition systems
4. Study on ignition timing correction by coolant
temperature and intake air temperature.
5. Study on laser ignition system
6. Study on ignition systems and ignition timing of
motorcycles
7. Study on reading of ignition timing with OBD2.
8. Design a test equipment for ignition coils
9. Study on the affect of ignition timing on engine
performance 52

10. Study on magneto ignition systems on modern

 PROJECTS
11- Study on BIOGAS and biogas engine control
12- Comparison between GDI engine between
Toyota, Mitsubishi and Audi
13- Programming software for fuel control
14- Design a fuel injectors’ test bench
15- Study on dual (PI & DI) fuel injection engines
16- Study on biodiesel engine control
17- Study on the electronic throttle control
18- Study on idle speed control
19- Study on correction of ignition and fuel map
in ECU 53

20- Variable Valve Timing Control