DAY 1

Vertebrates & Invertebrates

REVIEW
Directions: Label the following phases correctly.
1

4 2

3
 Modes of Reproduction
in Animals: Sexual
Reproduction

DOG CAT BUTTERFLY MOSQUITO FROG

NAME ME!
Name the babies of the
following animals.
 What do you
call my babies?

They are
__________.
 What do you
call my babies?

They are
__________.
 What do you
call my babies?

They are
__________.
 What do you
call my babies?

They are
__________.
 REPRODUCTION
Reproduction is the process by
which an organism/s reproduce
another individual (offspring) that
is biologically similar to the
organism.
 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
takes place when sex cells from
two-parent animals (one male and
one female) unite to create a new
animal through fertilization. The
fertilized egg is called a zygote.
 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Examples of animals that undergo
reproduction are butterflies, cats,
dogs, frogs, and mosquitos. The
animals mentioned above reproduce
sexually though they have different
means of reproducing.
 INTERNAL FERTILIZATION

Cats, dogs, birds, cows, and many insects

like butterflies, mosquitoes, etc. undergo
internal fertilization. Animals produce their
young through egg-laying and some are
born-alive.
 INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
Animals like birds and reptiles are called
oviparous because they lay eggs and the
time between laying eggs and hatching
of their young called incubation period.
Some animals retain and nourish the
fertilized egg inside the female body.
 INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
The fertilized egg develops into embryo
that grows while receiving nourishment
from the mother through the placenta they
are called viviparous. The time between
fertilization and birth of the live young
is called gestation.
 INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
Animals undergo this process are born-
alive animals and some of them are dogs,
cats, cows, whales, and many more.
Some animals are born looking like their
parent.
 INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
There are also some animals that look very
different from their parents. They undergo
changes before they would look like their
parent. The change in form of some animals
after birth is called metamorphosis. These
period where they undergo changes till they
reach maturity is called their life cycle.
 INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
Some animals have incomplete
metamorphosis like the mosquito. They start
as eggs, then they hatch into larvae (larvae
plural and larva for singular) after a few
days. After a few days more, they drop their
body covering and a new body covering
develops.
 INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
When this happens, the larvae develops
into a pupa. Finally, it becomes an adult.
The process in which the butterfly
develops from egg to caterpillar to pupa
and then to the adult is called
metamorphosis.
 A. BUTTERFLY
Butterflies lay their eggs on leaves of the
plants, and when the eggs hatches its’
larva form is called caterpillar. The
caterpillar looks like a worm and it feeds
on leaves. It sheds its skin for multiple
of times and it is called molting.
 A. BUTTERFLY

After multiple times of molting it spins silk

thread on to a leaf and hangs itself upside
down from it as well as covering itself with
the silk thread. This is called a cocoon
and the caterpillar becomes a pupa.
A. BUTTERFLY

Many changes happen to the pupa.

When the pupa is totally developed,
the adult butterfly frees itself from the
cocoon and flies away.
B. MOSQUITO
Reproduction by mosquitoes begins
with the courtship. During mating, the
male deposits sperm into the female
through a little pouch in her abdomen.
The female sucks the blood used to
feed the fertilized egg.
 B. MOSQUITO
The female mosquito only requires the sex
cells of 1 male for the remainder of her life
to produce a few batches of eggs. Female
mosquitoes lay eggs inside containers
holding water. Eggs can hatch from some
days up to many months after
being laid.
 B. MOSQUITO
In just 2-3 days, the pupae transform into
adult flying mosquitoes. Thus, the whole
life cycle of the mosquitoes from an egg to
an adult stage takes approximately
8-10 days.
ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Give the life stages of butterfly. Write
your answer in the box.
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Give the life stages of mosquitoes. Write
your answer on the top of the arrows.
DAY 2
Vertebrates & Invertebrates
REVIEW
Directions: Give the life stages of butterflies and mosquitoes.

A. BUTTERFLIES
1. _______
2. _______
3. _______
4. _______
REVIEW
Directions: Give the life stages of butterflies and mosquitoes.

B. MOSQUITOES
1. _______
2. _______
3. _______
4. _______
How do these animals reproduce?
 INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
occurs when the male releases sperm
cells into the body of the female animal to
fertilize the egg cell. The embryo
develops inside the female body until it is
born alive or develop inside an egg laid by
the female.
 INTERNAL FERTILIZATION

Cats, dogs, birds, cows, and many

insects like butterflies, mosquitoes,
etc. undergo internal fertilization.
 C. DOGS
Dogs experience a heat cycle that lasts for 3
weeks. It is the period when they ovulate and
might get pregnant which is common every 5 -
12 months. During the primary week (Proestrus
cycle) female’s vulva (outer part of their
reproductive organ) swells and secretes
blood and aromas that attract males.
 C. DOGS
They act moody during this stage to both
people and other dogs, swinging from
affectionate to "snappy" and appear to
like to "tease" the males cruelly: they'll lift
their tail to permit a sniff, but will bite
the male's head if it tries to mount.
 C. DOGS
Within the second week (Estrus cycle) her
vulva will still be swollen, but her vaginal
discharge will usually stop having visible
blood in it, she will ovulate and is very
ready for reproduction.
 C. DOGS
Lastly, in week 3 (Diestrus cycle), or the
last stage being in heat, the female has
already ovulated and is losing interest in
reproduction. The length of pregnancy in
dogs is 61-65 days, usually with an
average of 63 days.
 C. DOGS

This means that about 63 days after a

dog is impregnated it will have its
offspring. The female dogs should always
be bred with a smaller male dog.
 D. CATS
Cats, just like dogs, can go into heat at
any time of the year. They stay in heat for
about 5-15 days. Cats keep going back
into heat every 1-3 weeks until they
ovulate and are unlikely to ovulate
until there is contact with a male cat.
 D. CATS
This means that they ovulate (pass an
egg) only when they are bred.
Reproduction begins through the estrous
(reproductive) cycle when they reach
puberty. The ovulation occurs until
there is contact with a male cat.
 D. CATS
When in heat they make more noise or
meows louder and more frequently. They
become much more affectionate toward
people, weave in and out of their legs, rub
against them, shake their pelvis,
and rolls on the floor, and "flag"
their tail.
 D. CATS

Cat pregnancy lasts about 63-65 days.

So, as young as 4 months or 6 months
old a female cat can have kittens.
ACTIVITY 2
Directions: Complete the paragraph with the appropriate word.

Animals grow in number through the

process called (1)_____________.
Reproduction is the process by which an
organism creates an offspring that is similar
to it. Some animals such as the butterflies,
cats, dogs, frogs, and mosquitoes
reproduce (2)____________.
ACTIVITY 2
Directions: Complete the paragraph with the appropriate word.

The (3)____________ takes place when

sex cells from two-parent (male and
female) unite to form a new animal through
(4) ._____________The fertilized egg is
called (5) .______________ .
 ASSESSMENT
Directions: Complete the paragraph with the appropriate word.

Examples of animals that undergo sexual

reproduction are butterflies, cats, dogs,
frogs, and mosquitoes. Though these
mentioned animals reproduce sexually,
they have different ways of reproduction.
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.

1. A zygote is formed through

fertilization.
2. A new human individual develops
from a cell called a gamete.
TRUE FALSE
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.

3. Reproduction is to reproduce
or produce new organisms of the same
type.

TRUE FALSE
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.

4. Sexual reproduction is making

a copy of the organism with a single
parent.

TRUE FALSE
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.

5. The reproductive system is the

collection of internal and external sex
organs in both males and females.

TRUE FALSE
DAY 3
Vertebrates & Invertebrates
REVIEW
Directions: Write if the statement is correct regarding
the reproduction of cats and dogs, if not.

1. Dogs and cats develop inside

the uterus of their mother.
2. They feed on nutrients from the
mother’s body through the placenta.
REVIEW
Directions: Write if the statement is correct regarding
the reproduction of cats and dogs, if not.

3. When dogs and cats are fully

developed, they will be born.
4. Dogs and cats will be fed with
milk from their mothers.
REVIEW
Directions: Write if the statement is correct regarding
the reproduction of cats and dogs, if not.

5. Dogs and cats as they grow

older, they will be less dependent on
their mother and will be able to find their
own food.
 Do you recognize
the species of this
animal? What is its
mode of
reproduction?

FROG
 EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION

External fertilization happens

outside the body of the parents
and the female releases eggs into
the water or attaches them to a plant
or rock.
EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION

Then male releases sperm

over the eggs to fertilize them.
Most frogs and fishes undergo
external fertilization.
 E. FROGS
All frogs reproduce sexually. It is
outside the female's body of the frog that
fertilization takes place. The female
releases her eggs and, therefore,
the male releases his sperm at the
same time.
 E. FROGS
They will stay in this position for hours or
perhaps days until the female releases as
few collectively or as many as several
hundred eggs. Some frogs mate in the
tree branches, over a stagnant pond,
and streams.
 E. FROGS
Most of their eggs are found in calm or
still bodies of water to stop getting too
rumbled about in infancy. Usually, the
eggs will hatch about 6-21 days (average)
after being fertilized. The gestation is
approximately 33 days, for frogs give
birth 33 days after a successful mating.
E. FROGS
 ACTIVITY 3
Directions: Give the life stages of frog. Write your answer in
the box.
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.

1. Animals can reproduce through

sexual and asexual reproduction.
2. Animals have sex organs that
produce fragmentation and budding.
TRUE FALSE
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.

3. External Fertilization occurs

when the male releases sperm cells into
the body of the female animal to fertilize
the egg cell.
TRUE FALSE
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.

4. Internal Fertilization happens

outside the body of the parents and the
female releases eggs into the water
or attaches them to a plant or rock.
TRUE FALSE
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.

5. Asexual reproduction
involves only one parent that produces
two or more genetically similar
organisms.
TRUE FALSE
DAY 4
Vertebrates & Invertebrates
REVIEW
Directions: Complete the table below by indicating whether
the animal has internal or external fertilization.
Animals Kind of Fertilization
1. Mosquito
2. Cat
3. Frog
4. Butterfly
5. Dog
TRY THIS!
Directions: Identify the animal based on their reproduction
process.
1. Reproduction begins with courtship. During mating,
the male deposits sperm into the female through a
small pouch in her abdomen. After mating and
sucking down some blood, the female will rest for a
few days to lay eggs in water, swamps, or anywhere
with sufficient moisture. This mode of reproduction
happens to ________.
TRY THIS!
Directions: Identify the animal based on their reproduction
process.

2. Sexual Reproduction begins when the male

and female animals release pheromones or sex
stimulants into the environment. As the female
lays the eggs they are fertilized by the stored
sperm and wrapped in a cocoon. This is how
_________ reproduce.
TRY THIS!
Directions: Identify the animal based on their reproduction
process.
3. Reproduction begins the stages during the
“heat” cycle. The males are most fertile when fully
mature. They act moody during this stage to
people and show affection to their partner.
When the females of this kind of animal ovulate,
they get pregnant. This mode of reproduction
happens in ___________ .
TRY THIS!
Directions: Identify the animal based on their reproduction
process.
4. Reproduction begins through fertilization. The
fertilization happens outside the female’s body.
Both males and females release their eggs and
their sperm at the same time. The male climbs
onto the female back and clasps his forelegs
around her middle which mating posture called
amplexus. This is how ___________ reproduce.
TRY THIS!
Directions: Identify the animal based on their reproduction
process.
5. Reproduction begins through the estrous
(reproductive) cycle when it reaches puberty. This
animal is likely to ovulate until there is contact with a
male animal. The female animal becomes much more
affectionate toward people, weaves in and out of their
legs, rubs against them, shakes her pelvis, and
rolls about on the floor, and "flags" her tail. This
mode of reproduction happens in ___________ .
TRY THIS!
Directions: Using the Venn diagram, differentiate internal
and external fertilization.
 REPRODUCTION

Animals and other organisms cannot

live forever. Reproduction through
internal and external fertilization is
important for the survival of all living
things.
 REPRODUCTION
In a general sense reproduction is
one of the most important concepts
in studying life: it means making a
copy, a likeness, and thereby
providing for the continued existence
of species.
 REPRODUCTION
Without a mechanism for
reproduction, life would come to an
end. Animals make use of a variety
of modes of reproduction to produce
their young.
ACTIVITY 4
Directions: What animals are found in your community with the
same mode of reproduction as dogs, cats, butterflies, frogs, and
mosquitos? List one for each.
Example of Animals with the same mode of
reproduction as:
1. Butterfly
2. Mosquito
3. Dog
4. Cat
5. Frog
 ASSESSMENT
Directions: Write inside each corresponding box a brief
description of the animal’s mode of reproduction.
Butterfly
Cat
Dog

Frog

Mosquito
DAY 5
WEEKLY TEST
TEST I
Directions: Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.

1. The time between fertilization

and birth of the live young is called
gestation.

TRUE FALSE
TEST I
Directions: Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.

2. Animals that lay eggs are called

viviparous.

TRUE FALSE
TEST I
Directions: Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.

8. The time between laying eggs

and hatching of their young called
incubation period.

TRUE FALSE
TEST I
Directions: Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.

10. Frog reproduce through internal

and external fertilization.

TRUE FALSE
TEST I
Directions: Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.

9. Dogs, cats, and cows are

oviparous animals.

TRUE FALSE
TEST II

Animals Things you can do to get rid with these

animals and prevent their reproduction
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
TEST II

There are many harmful animals

that are commonly in your house
that can bring diseases to your family
members. List at least 5 harmful animals
you can see in your house and make a list
how you will get rid of those animals and
prevent their reproduction.