URBAN PLANNING

- Urban planning and real estate development: the context

o Town planning: an introduction,
o A history of urban planning,
o Reforming the planning system,

• Direction of the ‘reformed’ planning system

WHAT IS URBAN PLANNING

• the branch of architecture dealing with the design and organization of urban space and
activities

• determining and drawing up plans for the future physical arrangement and condition of a
community

• the physical, social and economic planning of an urban environment (such as a town)
• Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural
planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and
design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure
passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and
distribution networks and their accessibility.
 CATEGORIES AND CONCEPTS OF PLANNING
• Physical Planning – concerned with the spatial qualities and relationships with development
• Economic Planning – facilitate the working of the market
• Allocative Planning- also known as regulatory planning, concerned with coordination and
resolution of conflicts
• Innovative Planning – also known as development planning concerned with improving or
developing the system as a whole.
• Indicative Planning - lay down general guidelines, advisory in nature
• Imperative Planning – otherwise called command planning, involves specific directives.
• Multi-objective Planning -
• Sing-objective Planning
• Normative Planning – otherwise called utopian planning concerned with how planners
ought to rationality proceed in ideal world. Uses rational and deductive means towards
comprehensive planning
• Behavioral Planning – otherwise called reformist planning. Focuses on actual limitations
that circumscribe the pursuit and achievement of rational actions
URBAN PLANNERS

• Urban planners are involved in the complex and lengthy process of designing and
developing cities.
• Their work can involve determining land use for available green space in a particular area,
• mapping out a new public transportation system, and
• supporting the built environment beyond just new structures by developing economic and
social programs to improve local communities.
• Urban planning is usually a segment of a much larger city plan, and is meant to create well-
developed and maintained communities.
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND OF URBAN
PLANNERS
• A master’s degree is the typical requirement of employers looking to hire urban planners,
but their educational backgrounds can vary. Urban planners often hold degrees in public
policy and public administration, and their roles tend to require the following:
• Policy analysis
• Project planning and budgeting
• Community outreach
• Sustainability and environmentalism principles
• Urban revitalization
WHO ARE THE PLANNERS

• NATIONAL LEVEL
• REGIONAL LEVEL
• LOCAL LEVEL
 NATIONAL LEVEL
NEDA
• is the highest planning agency
• mandated to formulate in coordination with other government agencies and other sectors of
society, the long term and medium -term development plans of the country
• Other agencies provides input in terms of sectoral development objectives, goals, targets, policies,
strategies as well as programs, projects and activities
• The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) is the chief planning agency
mandated to create, coordinate, and monitor programs designed to accelerate and develop the
country’s economic growth.
WHAT IS NEDA?

• The National Economic and Development Authority (Pambansang Pangasiwaan sa

Kabuhayan at Pagpapaunlad), abbreviated as NEDA,
• is an independent cabinet-level agency of the Philippine government responsible for
economic development and planning.
• It is headed by the President of the Philippines as chairman of the NEDA board, with the
Secretary of Socio-Economic Planning, concurrently NEDA Director-General, as vice-
chairman.
WHAT IS THE LEGAL BASIS OF NEDA?

• NEDA was created in 1972 through Presidential Decree No. 107-

• The present form of the NEDA was organized by President Corazon C. Aquino on July 22, 1987 through Executive Order No. 230.
• It defined the composition of the NEDA Board and the Secretariat and its powers and functions, the powers and functions of the
Authority and its committees.
• On July 26, 1994, President Fidel V. Ramos signed Memorandum Order No. 222 which reactivated the NEDA Board Executive
Committee and mandating that the decisions of the NEDA Board Executive Committee shall be final, executory and binding upon the
NEDA Board.

• On July 27, 1992, president Ramos signed Republic Act No. 7640, which constituted the Legislative-Executive Development
Advisory Committee (LEDAC). The LEDAC serves as a consultative and advisory body to the President as the head of the NEDA
and gives advice on certain programs and policies, which are essential to the realization of the goals of national development.
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF NEDA?

• The powers and functions of the NEDA reside in the NEDA Board. It is the country’s
premier social and economic development planning and policy coordinating body.
• The Board is composed of the President as chairman, the Secretary of Socio-Economic
Planning and NEDA Director-General as vice-chairman, and the following as members:
• The Executive Secretary and the Secretaries of Finance, Trade and Industry, Agriculture,
Environment and Natural Resources, Public Works and Highways, Budget and
Management, Labor and Employment, and Interior and Local Government.- Pursuant to
Sec. 4 of EO 230, empowering the President to modify the membership of the Board
whenever deemed necessary, the following members have been added:-
• The Secretaries of Health, Foreign Affairs, and Agrarian Reform (per Memorandum Order No.
164, dated 21 March 1988);
• the Secretary of Science and Technology (per Memorandum Order No. 235, dated 19 May 1989);
and
• the Secretary of Transportation and Communications (per Memorandum Order No. 321, dated 26
September 1990).
• In addition, the Secretary of Energy (per R.A. No. 7638, approved Dec. 9, 1992) and the
• Deputy Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (per Section 124 of R.A. No. 7653, approved
June 14, 1993) have been added as members of the NEDA Board.-
ASSISTING THE NEDA BOARD IN THE
PERFORMANCE OF ITS FUNCTIONS ARE SEVEN
CABINET-LEVEL INTERAGENCY COMMITTEES

• a). Development Budget Coordination Committee (DBCC)

b). Infrastructure Committee (InfraCom)c)
c). Investment Coordination Committee (ICC)
d). Social Development Committee (SDC)
e). Committee on Tariff and Related Matters (CTRM)
f). Regional Development Committee (RDCom)
g). National Land Use Committee (NLUC)
NEDA STRUCTURE

• The NEDA Secretariat serves as the research and technical support arm of the NEDA
Board. It also provides technical staff support and assistance, including the conduct of
studies and formulation of policy measures and other recommendations on the various
aspects of development planning and policy formulation, and coordination, evaluation
and monitoring of plan implementation. It is headed by a Director-General, with the title
of Secretary for Socio-Economic Planning. He is assisted by three deputy directors-
general each of whom is responsible for:
1. NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OFFICE (NDO):

• a). National Planning and Policy Staff (NPPS)

b). Agriculture Staff (AS)
c). Trade, Industry and Utilities Staff (TIUS)
d). Infrastructure Staff (IS)
e). Social Development Staff (SDS)
f). Public Investment Staff (PIS)
2. REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OFFICE (RDO):

• a). Regional Development Coordination Staff (RDCS)

b). Project Monitoring Staff (PMS)
c). Regional Offices (NROs)
3. CENTRAI SUPPORT OFFICE(CSO):

• a). Management Staff (MS)

b). Legal Staff (LS)
c). Administrative Staff (AdS)
d). Information Technology Coordination Staff (ITCS)
e). Development Information Staff (DIS)
WHAT ARE THE ATTACHED AGENCIES OF
NEDA?
• a). Tariff Commission (TC),
b). Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Center,
c). Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency (PNVSCA),
d). National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB),
e). National Statistics Office (NSO),
f). Statistical Research and Training Center (SRTC), and
g). Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS).
REGIONAL LEVEL

• The RDC is the highest planning entity at the regional level. It serves as the counterpart
of the NEDA Board at the regional level
• RDC is composed of representatives from the local government units, the regional line
agencies and the private sectors
• Executive Committee
• Advisory Committee/ Council
• NEDA Regional office as Secretariat
RDC – REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL

• The Regional Development Council (RDC) is the highest planning and policy-making body
in the region. It serves as the counterpart of the National Economic and Development
Authority (NEDA) Board at the sub-national level. It is the primary institution that
coordinates and sets the direction of all economic and social development efforts in the
region. It also serves as a forum where local efforts can be related and integrated with
regional and national development activities.

• The creation of the RDC answers the need for a single planning body whose main concern
is the overall socio-economic development of the region.
 FUNCTIONS OF RDC
• Coordination of the formulation of long term, medium term and annual socio-economic
development plans, policies and investment programs at the regional and sub-regional levels
• Coordination of the review and prioritization of the region’s programs and projects
• Coordination of the implementation of development plans, programs and projects in the region
• Sectoral Committees – Macroeconomy and Finance – Economic Development- Social
Development- Infrastructure Development-Development Administration
 LOCAL LEVEL

• LDC is the planning body of the local level which assists

the Sanggunian in setting the direction for economic and
social development and coordinating development efforts
within its territorial jurisdiction.
• Barangay Development Council
• Municipal Development Council – Provincial
Development Council
LDC HAS THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS

• Review and prioritize the proposed development programs and projects that will form part of the
Local Development Investment Program(LDIP) and subsequent Annual Investment Program
(AIP)

• Integrate all plans of the sectoral and functional committees and those from the immediate lower
development councils. Formulate long-term, medium-term and annual socio economic
development plans and policies

• Formulate the medium-term and annual public investment programs

 LDC FUNCTIONS….
• Appraise and prioritize socio economic development programs and projects
• Formulate local investment incentives to promote the inflow and direction of private investment
capital
• Coordinate, monitor and evaluate the implementation of development programs and projects
• Perform such other functions as maybe provided by law or competent authority
SANGGUNIAN

• SANGGUNIAN- enacts ordinances,

passes resolutions and appropriate
funds for the general welfare of the
locality and its inhabitants.
FUNCTIONS OF SANGGUNIAN

• Review and analyze Development Plan

• Approve and adopt the development plan
• Adopt planning policies
• Allocate funds to finance the development plan
• Monitor implementation of the plan

• The local planning and development office headed by the local planning and development
coordinator, serves as the technical arm of the LDC
TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF LPDO

• Prepare integrated economic, social, physical and other development plans and policies
including comprehensive plan for LDC consideration
• Conduct continuing studies, researches and training programs necessary to evolve plans
and programs for implementation
• Put together sectoral plans and studies undertaken by the different functional groups or
agencies
TASKS …. OF THE LPDO

• The Local Planning and Development Office (LPDO) headed by the Local Planning
Development Coordinator (LPDC) serves as the technical arm of the LDC.
• Follow-up and evaluate implementation of the different LGU Development programs,
projects and activities in accordance with the approved development plan.
• Study the income and spending patterns of the Local Government Unit (LGU) and formulate
and recommend fiscal plans and policies for consideration of the LGU finance committee
• Promote people participation in development planning within the LGU. Planning is a
political exercise.
LAND

• The earth's surface, extending downward to the center of the earth and
upward to infinity, including permanently attached natural objects.

In Terms of Production
• The basic concept of land is that it is a specific piece of earth, a property with clearly
delineated boundaries, that has an owner.
Land as a Natural Asset
• Land can include anything that's on the ground, which means that buildings, trees, and water
that are a part of land are an asset. The term land encompasses all physical elements, bestowed
by nature, to a specific area or piece of property—the environment, fields, forests, minerals,
climate, animals, and bodies or sources of water.
In Economics
• Legally and economically, a piece of land is a factor in some form of production, and although
the land is not consumed during this production, no other production—food, for example—
would be possible without it.
 LAND
• Land itself is a valuable resource, but if it comes with other natural resources, like oil and gas,
its value increases.
• Investing in land for development can be costly and may come with certain risks but can also be
a source of profits and appreciation.
• Land can refer to real estate or property, minus buildings and equipment, which is designated
by fixed spatial boundaries.
• The associated risks of developing land can stem from taxation, regulatory usage restrictions,
leasing and selling a property, and even natural disasters.
WHAT IS LAND USE PLANNING

• Land use planning is the process of regulating the use of land by a central
authority. Usually, this is done to promote more desirable social and
environmental outcomes as well as a more efficient use of resources.

• Comprehensive plan - a land use plan provides a vision for the future possibilities
of development in neighborhoods, districts, cities, or any defined planning area.
GOALS OF MODERN LAND USE PLANNING

• Environmental Conservation
• Restraint of Urban sprawl
• minimization of transport costs
• prevention of land use conflicts
• reduction in exposure to pollutants
CLUP COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN

• rational approach of allocating available land resources as equitably as possible

among competing user groups and for different functions consistent with the
development plan of the area… .”
• (Section 3, Republic Act 7279)
WHY IS A COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN IMPORTANT?

• With the Comprehensive Land Use Plan, the local government unit:
• realizes the local government vision for its land resources
• allocates available land resources for different sectors of the population
• communicates the plans of the local government unit
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF
COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN IN THE
LOCAL GOVERNMENT?
• It allows communities to plan development in a way that protects valued
resources. Planning can identify environmental features like wetlands,
agricultural lands, woods and steep slopes and suggest strategies for preserving
those resources from destruction or degradation by inappropriate development
• CLUP Process Step 1: Organize
• CLUP Process Step 2: Identify Stakeholders
• CLUP Process Step 3: How to set a vision for your local government unit
• CLUP Process Step 4: How LGUs can perform situational analysis
• CDRA in the CLUP Process: Experience in Tiwi
• CLUP Process Step 5: Setting land use goals and objectives
• CLUP Process Step 6: How to translate development goals into physical form
• CLUP Process Step 7: How to prepare a land use plan
• CLUP Process Step 8: Why LGUs draft zoning ordinances
• CLUP Process Step 9: Conduct the Public Hearing
• CLUP Process Step 10: Review, Adopt, Approve the CLUP and Zoning Ordinance