WHAT IS

SURVEY?
It is process of determining
earthen features and recording
its relative position on to the
paper
PICTURE OF TOTAL
STATION
Fig: different parts of T.S.
 • What is total station?
• What are the capability of total station?

CONTENT • What are Importance of total station?

- distance measurement
S - angle measurement
- data processing
- display
- electronic book
• Applications
• Advantages of T.S. limitations of T.S.
• Safety precautions
TOTAL •TOTAL STATION: is the surveying equipment
combination of electromagnetic Distance
STATION: measurement and electronic theodolite.
•It is also integrated with microprocessor,
electronic data collector and storage system.
•Used to measure horizontal and vertical
angles as well as sloping distance of object to
the instrument.
BASIC 1. PRISM REFLECTOR : combination of ranging rod,
staff and optical cuboidal mirror.
COMPONAN
2. GUN : data screen LCD, eye piece, environmental
TS OF box, microprocessor.
TOTAL 3. TRIPOD : aluminum tripod (weight of 13 to 14Ibs)
STATION Wooden tripod (weight of about 18Ibs)
4. battery (1.5 hrs. charged can work for 3 to 5 hrs.

(Accurate pointing target, average of multiple points,

strong tripod, vertically of prism pole. these
components help to achave more accuracy.)
CAPABILI 1. Average of multiple angle measurement.
2. Average of multiple distance measurement .
TY OF 3. Horizontal distance.
TOTAL 4. Distance between any two points.

STATION 5. Elevation of objects and all the three coordinates

of the observed points.
6. Easy to carry.
7. Compact instrument and weight of 50 to 55 N.
8. Collected data can be downloaded in computer for
further processing.
DISTANCE MEASUREMENT

1. E.D.M. is the major part of total station.

2. Its range various from 2.8 km to 4.2 km.
3. They are used with automatic target recognizer.
4. The distance measurement is always sloping distance
from instrument to the object.
ANGLE
MESUREMENT
1. Used for measure vertical horizontal
angle.
2. The accuracy of angle measurement
various from 2 to 6 seconds.
 1. This instrument provide a
microprocessor .
DATA 2. The processor is capable to
applying the pressure and temperature
PROCESSING Correction to the measurement , if
atmospheric temperature and
pressure are supplied.
DISPLAY

1. Electronic display unit is

capable of displaying various
values when respective keys
are pressed.
2. The system is capable for
displaying horizontal
distance, vertical distance
and angles.
 1. Data can be stored in an electronic
notebook. with capacity of store
2000 to 4000 points data
ELECTRONI 2. Can be unload data in computers
C BOOK and rescue the notebook.
 1. Total station are mainly used by
surveyors and civil engineers.

APPLICATIO 2. They are also used by archologists to

excavations, by police, crime scene
NS investigators and insurance companies
to take measurement of scene.

• Mining
• Mechanical and electrical construction
• Meteorology ( to track weather)
 ADVANTAGES OF
TOTAL STATION

1. Field work is carried very fast.

2. Accuracy of measurement is high.
3. Calculation of coordinates is very fast. Even
correction for temperature and pressure are
automatically made.
4. Easy to carry various places.
LIMITATIONS

1. It is not a rugged instrument (sensitive)

2. More expensive.
3. Amount of error is greater at short
distance.
4. Awareness and battery maintenance.
5. Requires calibration at every six month.
6. To establish north- compass is required.
SAFTEY
PRECAUTION

1. Use the filter when observing the

sun.
2. Never remove hand grip carelessly
otherwise the instrument will fall
and cause serious injury.
3. Make sure not short the battery
terminals. If these are shorted, the
resulting high current damage the
battery and also start fire.
THANKS 4 URR ATTENTION...!!!