Parametric and

Nonparametric
Test
 Parametric statistics

• Any characteristic or measure of population units is

known as a parameter example mean (μ), standard
deviation (σ), and population proportion (π).
• Parameters are estimated by studying the subpart of
the population which is known as sample.
• Any characteristics or measure of sample items is
known as a statistics example sample mean, sample
standard deviation, and sample proportion.
 Examples

• A parameter is used to describe the entire

population being studied.
• For example, we want to know the average
score of a class in particular subject.
• Average sales of a product in a month.
• This is a parameter because it is states
something about the entire population.
 Parametric Test

 If the information about the population is completely

known by means of its parameters then statistical test is
called parametric test

 Eg: t- test, f-test, z-test, ANOVA

 Nonparametric statistics

• In statistical test, two kinds of assertions are

involved example as assertion related to the
purpose of investigation (hypothesis) and
other assertion to make a probability
statement (model).
• When we apply a test ( to test the hypothesis)
without a model it is known as distribution
free test, or non-parametric test.
• Non-parametric tests do not make any
assumption about the parameters of the
population and thus do not make the use of
parameter distribution.
• In Non-parametric tests or distribution free
tests we do not assume that a particular
distribution is applicable.
 Example

• While testing the two training methods say A

& B for determining the superiority of one
over another if we don’t assume that score of
the trainees are normally distributed or the
mean score of all trainees taking method A
would be a certain value. Then testing method
is non-parametric method.
 Nonparametric statistics

• Nonparametric statistics refers to a statistical method in

which the data are not assumed to come from prescribed
models that are determined by a small number of
parameters;
• examples of such models include the normal distribution
model and the linear regression model.
• Nonparametric statistics sometimes uses data that is
ordinal, meaning it does not rely on numbers, but rather on
a ranking or order of sorts.
• For example, a survey conveying consumer preferences
ranging from like to dislike would be considered ordinal
data.
 Nonparametric test

 If there is no knowledge about the population or

paramters, but still it is required to test the hypothesis of
the population. Then it is called non-parametric test

 Eg: Chi-square test, mann-Whitney, rank sum test,

Kruskal-Wallis test
 Classification Of hypothesis

Parametric test Non Parametric test

Chi-square test, mann-

t- test, f-test, z- test, ANOVA
Whitney, rank sum test,
Kruskal- Wallis test
 Difference between parametric and Non
parametric
Parametric Non Parametric

Information about population is No information about the population is

completely known available

Specific assumptions are made regarding No assumptions are made regarding the
the population population

Null hypothesis is made on parameters of The null hypothesis is free from parameters
the population distribution
 Difference between parametric and Non
parametric
Parametric Non Parametric

Test statistic is based on the distribution Test statistic is arbritary

Parametric tests are applicable only for It is applied both variable and artributes
variable

No parametric test exist for Norminal Non parametric test do exist for norminal
scale data and ordinal scale data

Parametric test is powerful, if it exist It is not so powerful like parametric test

 Advantages of non parametric test

 Non parametric test are simple and easy to understand.

 It will not involve complicated sampling theory.
 No assumption is made regarding the parent
population
 This method is only available for norminal scale data
 This method are easy applicable for artribute dates.
 Disadvantages of non parametric test

 it can be applied only for norminal or ordinal scale

 For any problem, if any parametric test exist it is highly
powerful.
 Nonparametric methods are not so efficient as of
parametric test
 No nonparametric test available for testing the
interaction in analysis of variance model.
Parametric Tests Non-Parametric
Tests

t- test(one sample,
two sample, and Sign test(for paired data)
paired) Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test
Z test ANOVA -test for matched pair Wilcoxon
Pearson’s Rank Sum test (for unpaired
correlation(r) data)
Chi-square test Spearman’s
Rank Correlation(p)
ANOCOVA
Kruskal-Wallis test

16
 Purpose of Parametric test Non-Parametric test
application

Comparison of two ‘t’-test for independent Wilcoxon rank sum test

independent groups. samples

Test the difference ‘t’-test for paired Wilcoxon signed-rank

between paired observation test
observation
Comparison of several ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test
groups

Quantify linear Pearson’s Correlation Spearman’s Rank

relationship between Correlation
two variables
Test the association _ Chi-square test
between two qualitative
variables 17
 Key Difference Between Parametric And Non-parametric

Properties Parametric Non-parametric

Assumptions Yes No

Value for central tendency Mean value Median value

Correlation Pearson Spearman

Probabilistic distribution Normal Arbitrary

Population knowledge Requires Does not require

Used for Interval data Nominal data

Applicability Variables Attributes & Variables

Examples t-test, z-test, etc. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-

Whitney
MCQ
Non-parametric tests include
a. ANOVA
b. Student's t-test
c. Chi-squared test
d. Correlation
Thank you....