SANITARY DRAINAGE

SYSTEMS( Soil,Waste, Vent)

MIDTERM TOPIC 1
 Sanitary Drainage System

 A Sanitary Drainage System is a system of piping within public or private premises that
conveys Sewage or other liquid waste to an approved point of disposal.
 The intent is to design and install materials, fittings and connections with quality & regulated by Codes
and Standards.
 The basics includes the following:
a. public and private sewage disposal;
b. selection of materials;
c. installation of the building sewer,
d. joining methods between drainage piping and fittings;
e. drainage fixture units for sizing the drainage system; and
f. sumps and ejectors
 3 Degrees of Grades of Water

1. STORM WATER
Water coming from the Rain
2. GREY WATER
Waste water from Laundries, Wash
Basins, Sinks, Sewers, Bathtubs, etc.
3. BLACK WATER
Water plus human waste, solid and
liquid unite that is flushed out of the toilet and
urinals.
 Types of Sanitary Drainage System

A. GRAVITY SYSTEMS
 Gravity sewerage systems are the traditional
method of sewage disposal taking advantage of the
natural slope of the ground to collect wastewater
and allow it to flow to the authority sewerage
network.
 Gravity systems are used in areas where the water
table is low and the land is not prone to flooding.
 Types of Sanitary Drainange System

B. LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM

 Low-pressure sewer systems are a low-head pressure
and alternative to gravity sewer systems or septic
tanks.
 Consists of an interceptor tank and a chamber unit,
which houses a small, submersible electrical pump.
 The tank is installed below ground, much like a
septic tank and organic waste treatment occurs in the
interceptor tank. The liquid in the tank, or effluent, is
pumped and transported to a wastewater plant for
treatment.
C. VACUUM SYSTEM
 The vacuum sewage system is an alternative method
to a conventional gravity system. Generally used in
areas that feature water charged ground, reclaimed
ground, flat areas and in seasonal areas.
 Composed central vacuum station, with vacuum pumps,
collection chamber, discharge pumps and associated
controls.
 Soil pipe and Waste
pipe
What is Soil pipe?
 A soil pipe is a pipe designed to carry soiled water whether that be
from your toilet, urinal or bidet.
 Soil Pipes need to be vented, to allow for the safe disposal of gases
and to reduce odours
 Gases from soil pipes can be harmful to health (but not always)
 Vent pipes and outlets are an important part of any soil waste
system, not only do ventilate the systems but they also regulate
pressure ensuring the negative pressure, that is to push waste water
back to your sink, or worst the toilet
 Soil pipe and Waste pipe

What is Waste Pipe?

 A waste pipe carries water from
things you use each day such as
your shower, sinks, dishwasher
and washing machine, similarly
to soil pipes in that they are
directing the waste water away
from your home.
 Vent Piping System

 The Drain Waste and Vent (DWV) system is perhaps the

most important part of the total plumbing system in a
building.
 The DWV system is for the removal of waste water and
material from the building.
 Inspectors recognize this portion of the plumbing system as
a major concern for not only the function of the plumbing
but for the protection of the health of the building
 The venting system, or plumbing vents, consists of a
number of pipes leading from waste pipes to the outdoors,
usually through the roof.
 Vents provide a means to release sewer gases outside
instead of inside the house
What is Ventilation?(Plumbing System)

 It is the portion of drainage installation designed to maintain atmospheric pressure within the
plumbing system and prevent 3 major difficulties:
1. Trap Seal Loss
2. Retardation of Flow
3. Material Deterioration
 Just as drain pipes remove water and waste from your home, the plumbing vent pipe – also known
as a plumbing air vent – removes gas and odors.
 It also allows fresh air into the plumbing system to help water flow smoothly through the drain
pipes.
 However, no water runs through the plumbing vent pipe.
1. Trap Seal Loss
 2. Retardation of Flow

 Retarded water flow inside the pipe is due to the

effect of atmospheric pressure and gravity.
 It can be corrected by providing ventilation pipes
to equalize or balance the atmospheric pressure
inside the plumbing installation.
 3. Material Deterioration

 The real problem is predicting when a pipe or set

of pipes is going to fail in a home, because of the
extensive damage it can cause.
 The materials vary but in our area GI pipe, PVC,
copper and cast iron are widely used.
 Copper like the supply lines does deteriorate,
especially with the use of harsh cleaning
chemicals, but is usually limited to vents that are
vertical through the roof
 The biggest issue we have with sewer lines and
laterals is with cast iron. The metal corrodes and
degrades over time, usually 40 -60 years
Ventilation Pipes
 Main Vent

Kinds of Ventilation

1. MAIN VENT
 The main vent is that portion of the vent pipe
system serving as terminal for the smaller forms
of individual and grouped fixture trap ventilation.
 It is sometimes referred to as Collecting Vent line
Main
Soil &
2. MAIN SOIL AND WASTE VENT waste
Vent
 It is the source through which air is admitted to
the plumbing system
 It serves as a means of eliminating objectionable
odors
 3

Kinds of Ventilation

3. BRANCH VENT
 A vent connecting one or more individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent.
 A vent pipe to which are connected two or more pipes that vent plumbing fixtures.
4. LOOPED VENT
4
 A vent arrangement for a group of plumbing fixtures; consists of a vent pipe which is
connected to the waste or soil branch immediately before the first fixture of the group
and immediately before the last fixture of the group; the two connections are then
“looped” together and connected to the vent stack.
 is one type of ventilation use on fixtures in a room away from partitions. Common to
beauty parlor, barbershop, dental clinic and operating rooms
5. CIRCUIT VENT
 serves a group of fixtures employed where 2 or more fixtures traps are installed on a
5
horizontal soil or waste branch
 extends from the main vent to a position on the horizontal branch between the last two
fixture connections
 Kinds of Ventilation

5. UNIT VENT/ INDIVIDUAL VENT

 It is defined as that of the portion of a vent pipe system that
ventilates two fixture traps that discharges into sanitary cross
with deflectors 5

6. RELIEF VENT
 A branch from the vent stack, connected to a horizontal
branch between the first fixture branch and the soil or waste
stack, whose primary function is to provide for circulation of
air between the vent stack and the soil or waste stack.
 Is installed to ventilate the soil and waste pipe and the
connecting branches rather than the fixture trap.
 The installation depends upon the good judgement whenever
backpressure is most likely occur 6
 Kinds of Ventilation

7. YOKE OR BY-PASS VENT

 A yoke vent is any pipe that connects upwards from a 7
soil stack or vertical waste stack to a higher location in
order to prevent pressure changes in the stack pipe.
8. WET VENT
 Is defined as the portion of the vent-pipe system where
liquid waste regularly flows in a fixture above the other
and also serve a ventilation of the other