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Unit 1 PPT
Unit 1 PPT
Introduction to
Embedded Computing
Introduction to Embedded Computing
• Complex systems and
microprocessors
• Embedded system design process
• Design example: Model train
controller
• Design Methodologies
• Design Flows
• Requirement Analysis
• Specifications
• System Analysis and Architectural
Design
• Quality Assurance Techniques
Introduction to Embedded
Computing
output analog
input analog
CPU
mem
embedded
computer
Overheads for Computers as
© 2008 Wayne Wolf Components
Examples
Cell phone.
Printer.
Automobile: engine, brakes, dash, etc.
Airplane: engine, flight controls,
nav/comm.
Digital television.
Household appliances.
Overheads for Computers as
© 2008 Wayne Wolf Components, 2nd ed.
Early history
sensor sensor
brake brake
hydraulic
ABS
pump
brake brake
sensor sensor
Overheads for Computers as
© 2008 Wayne Wolf Components
Characteristics of
embedded systems
Sophisticated functionality.
Real-time operation.
Low manufacturing cost.
Low power.
Designed to tight deadlines by small
teams.
In general-purpose computing,
performance often means average-case,
may not be well-defined.
In real-time systems, performance means
meeting deadlines.
Missing the deadline by even a little is bad.
Finishing ahead of the deadline may not help.
Performance.
Overall speed, deadlines.
Functionality and user interface.
Manufacturing cost.
Power consumption.
Other requirements (physical size, etc.)
specification
architecture
component
design
system
integration
Overheads for Computers as
© 2008 Wayne Wolf Components, 2nd ed.
Top-down vs. bottom-up
Top-down design:
start from most abstract description;
work to most detailed.
Bottom-up design:
work from small components to big system.
Real design uses both techniques.
Functional requirements:
output as a function of input.
Non-functional requirements:
time required to compute output;
size, weight, etc.;
power consumption;
reliability;
etc.
Overheads for Computers as
© 2008 Wayne Wolf Components, 2nd ed.
Our requirements form
name
purpose
inputs
outputs
functions
performance
manufacturing cost
power
physical size/weight
Moving map
obtains position I-78
from GPS, paints
Scotch Road
map from local
database.
lat: 40 13 lon: 32 19
Overheads for Computers as
© 2008 Wayne Wolf Components, 2nd ed.
GPS moving map needs
Functionality: For automotive use. Show major
roads and landmarks.
User interface: At least 400 x 600 pixel screen.
Three buttons max. Pop-up menu.
Performance: Map should scroll smoothly. No
more than 1 sec power-up. Lock onto GPS
within 15 seconds.
Cost: approx. $30
Should include:
What is received from GPS;
map data;
user interface;
operations required to satisfy user requests;
background operations needed to keep the
system running.
user
database interface
memory
panel I/O
user
timer
interface