Senko

Forklift
Refresher Training ( 2021 )
Mr Munirradi
Contents
内容 Introduction 介绍
 Recapped on Past experience ( Case ) 回顾过去的经验（案例）
 Major Cause of Accidents 事故主要原因
 Common forklift hazards 常见的叉车危险
 Risk Management on Operation of Forklift 叉车运行风险管理
 Training for forklift operators 叉车操作员培训\
 Pre-operation checks 操作前检查
 Load assessments 负载评估
 Forklift Stability 叉车稳定性
 Ways to Reduce Accidents 减少事故的方法
 Common safe practices 常见的安全做法
 Forklift traffic control 叉车交通管制
UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD

Introduction
介绍
 Forklift can be hazardous if not handled properly

如果处理不当，叉车可能很危险
 Forklift accidents can cause serious injury, death,
property and product damage
叉车事故可造成严重伤害、死亡、财产和产品损坏
 This poses a serious problem for everyone
这给每个人带来了严重的问题
 Accidents can be prevented if risk assessment
and safe work procedures (SWP) are followed.
如果风险评估，可以预防事故遵守安全工作程序（ SWP ）。

Refresher Training
进修培训
Refresher Training
• While forklift refresher training itself isn’t technically legal requirement, it is
recommended that operators receive refresher training every 3 years.
• 虽然叉车进修培训本身在技术上不是法律要求，但建议操作员每 3 年接受一次进修培训。
• Prior to operating the forklift/truck in the workplace, the employer must evaluate the
operator’s performance and determine the operator to be competent to operate a
powered industrial truck safely.
在工作场所操作叉车 / 卡车之前，雇主必须评估操作员的绩效，
并确定操作员是否有能力安全地操作动力工业卡车。
• Refresher training is needed whenever an operator demonstrates

a deficiency in the safe operation of the truck.
每当操作员演示时，都需要进修培训卡车安全操作的缺陷。

Accident Advisory:
Worker caught between lorry and forklift
Ref: 2021038 WSH Alert Accident Notification dated 1 June 2020
Case Study
On 28 May 2020, a worker was within his forklift, attempting

to open the door of a lorry that was beside his forklift, when
the forklift suddenly reversed, trapping the worker between
the door of the lorry and the chassis of the forklift. The
injured worker was conveyed to the hospital where he
eventually succumbed to his injuries.

Major Causes of Forklift Accidents
叉车事故的主要原因
缺乏培训 + 复习 / 熟悉
 Lack of Training ~ Refresher /Familiarization 速度
维护不良 / 机器故障
 Speed 沟通不畅
员工行为 / 马戏
 Poor Maintenance/Machine Malfunction 杂乱无章的工作场所（家政服务）
 Poor Communication
 Employee Behaviors / Horseplay
 Cluttered Workplace (Housekeeping)

Potential Forklift Accidents
潜在的叉车事故

Common Forklift Hazards
常见的叉车危险
 Overloading 超载
 Unsafe stacking 不安全堆叠
 Speeding 超速
 Raised forks 凸起的叉子
 Unauthorized operation of forklift 未经许可操作叉车
 Untrained forklift operators 未经训练的叉车操作员

 Lifting of persons on forks 将人员吊在叉子上
 Pedestrians and forklifts moving in the same place 行人和叉车在同一地点移动
 Travelling on slope 在斜坡上旅行
 Obstruction in the path 路径上的障碍物

e.g. overhead, blind corners 例如头顶、盲角
 Poor ground conditions 地面条件差

e.g. slippery, uneven, potholes 例如，湿滑、不平、坑坑洼洼

 Body/limbs caught in moving parts of the forklift 叉车运动部件中捕获的身体 / 肢体
 Falling loads 叉车运动部件中捕获的身体 / 肢体
 Poor condition tyres e.g. without thread markings 状况不佳的轮胎，例如没有螺纹标记
 Electric Shock (Battery operated forklift) 电击（电池操作叉车）
 Pedestrians and forklift moving in same place 行人和叉车在同一地点移动

 Forklift traveling on slope

叉车在斜坡上行驶
Use an assistant when going up or down
a ramp with a bulky load
在负载大的斜坡上或下时使用助手
 Poor ground conditions

 地面条件差
 Worn out tyres

磨损的轮胎
 Unsecure loads
不安全负载

 Electric shock from battery

电池的电击
 No smoking when checking the battery

 检查电池时禁止吸烟
 Do not Allow Batteries to completely Over-discharge.

 不要让电池完全过放电。 Charger
 Keep Vent Caps Tightly closed

 保持通风帽紧闭
Ba
Cable tte
r y
 Lifting person on forks

 在叉子上吊人
Don’t Carry Passengers

不要携带乘客
Don’t use the forklift truck as a personal lift.

There is NO safe place on a forklift truck for a
passenger to ride.
不要使用叉车作为个人升降机。
叉车上没有安全的地方供乘客乘坐。

Why Conduct Forklift Training
为什么要进行叉车培训
 Ensure forklift drivers are competent 确保叉车司机称职
 To train driver in basic forklift operation 培训驾驶员基本叉车操作
 To provide knowledge of safe operating practices for forklift 提供叉车安全操作实践知识

Why Conduct
Pre-operation Checks?
为什么要进行操作前检查？
 Ensure efficient and safe operation of forklifts 确保叉车高效、安全运行
 Prevent workplace injuries 防止工作场所受伤
 To remove inefficient forklift practices 消除低效的叉车做法

Pre-operation Checks
(Diesel, Gasoline, Battery)
Post-operation
Checks
* Key Holder

How to Read the Name Plate
TOYOTA FORKLIFT TRUCK
MODEL 7 FBE 18 FRONT TREAD 855 MM

CODE NO.OF SPECIAL MODEL.MODEL OF ATTACHMENT TIRE SIZE FR 18 X 7-8 / 4.33
FSVE 61 TIRE PRESS.FR SOLID
FRAME NO. 7 FBE 18 - 88888 TIRE SIZE RR 16 X 6-8 / 4.33
TRUCK WEIGHT TIRE PRSS .RR SOLID
2300 KG
WITHOUT BATTERY PRO.YEAR 2013 48 V
MAX.LIFTING HEIGHT ‘A’ 4700 MM BATTERY WEIGHT 655 KG / 915 KG
MIN / MAX
CAPACITY WITH VERTICAL UPRIGH TEQUIPPED SHOWN

B
CAPACITY 1210 KG
1350 KG 860 KG
A
B LOAD
CENTRE ‘B’ 500 MM 600 MM 1000 MM

Load Assessment:
weighing the Loads
负载评估：称重负载

Load Assessments –
Weight at Centre of Gravity
负载评估 | 重心重量
LOAD CENTER
负载中心
LOAD
荷载
FULCRUM
支点

Load Assessments
Characteristics Shapes
Unstable loads
Odd shape load 不稳定的负载
may hit pedestrians causing injuries
奇怪的形状负载可能会击中行人造成伤害
View blocked,
the forklift may hit another
truck or somebody
视图已阻止，
叉车可能会撞上另一个卡车或某人

Ways to Reduce Forklift Accidents
减少叉车事故的方法
确保正确培训
限制叉车速度
 Ensure Correct Training 纠正加载问题
叉车区限制行人
 Limit Forklift Speed 地址员工马戏 + 不负责任的驾驶
确保正确停车
 Correct Loading Problems
 Restricted Pedestrians from Forklift Areas
 Address Employee Horseplay & Irresponsible Driving
 Ensure Proper Parking

Common Safe Practices
常见安全实践
 Report to your supervisor on any forklift damage or problems

就叉车损坏或问题向您的主管报告
 Don’t use a forklift to lift worker

不要用叉车来提升工人
 Don’t drive a forklift unless you are trained and authorized

除非经过培训和授权，否则不要驾驶叉车
 Use seatbelts
使用安全带
 While on slopes, tilt the load back and raise it above road surface
 在斜坡上，将负载向后倾斜，并提升到路面上方

常见安全实践
 Slow down and sound the horn at crossings and locations where view is blocked
在交叉点和视图被阻挡的位置减速并发出喇叭
 Focus on the travelling path and keep a clear view of it

专注于行驶路线，并清晰地查看
 When leaving a forklift, pull the parking brake, lower the forks and neutralize the controls
 离开叉车时，拉动停车制动器，放下叉子并中和控制装置
 Don’t raise or lower the forks while the forklift is moving
叉车移动时不要提高或降低叉子
 Follow the speed limit 遵守限速
 Don’t handle load that are above the weight capacity of the forklift
 不要处理超过叉车重量能力的负载 Hand brake not
engaged
常见安全实践
 Attend briefing on forklift operations 参加叉车操作简报会
 Follow traffic management 遵循流量管理
 Carry out daily forklift pre-operation checks using checklist

使用检查表执行日常叉车预操作检查
 Ensure that the forklifts are well maintained

 确保叉车维护良好
 Use rear view mirrors while reversing 倒车时使用后视镜
 Give way to pedestrians 给行人让路
 Park forklift at approved locations. 将叉车停在批准地点

常见安全实践
 Operate forklifts with forks at low position at all times
 在低位置使用叉车操作
 Don’t drive and raise load at the same time

 不要同时驾驶和提升负载
 Don’t make sudden sharp turns

不要突然急转弯
 Don’t brake suddenly when the forklift is loaded

 叉车装货时不要突然刹车
 Watch out for overhead structures (e.g. pipes & beams)

 注意高架结构（例如管道和梁）
 Travel in reverse when front view is blocked

 前视图阻塞时反向行驶

Traffic Controls
交通管制
 Follow site rules and inform all staff and visitors

 遵守现场规则，通知所有员工和访客
 Operate forklift only in clearly marked areas

 仅在标记清楚的区域操作叉车
 Lookout for people opening doors 留意开门的人
 Check back when reversing 倒车时检查回来
 Give way to pedestrians 给行人让路

Traffic Controls
交通管制
 Wear high visibility clothing

 穿高能见度的衣服
 Be cautious on road slopes

在路坡上小心谨慎
 Park on flat surfaces

停放在平坦的表面上
 Avoid driving over objects on the road surface

 避免在路面上驾驶物体
 When making turns, reduce speed to safe level

 转弯时，将速度降低至安全级别

Summary of Key Points
要点摘要
Common forklift hazards 常见的叉车危险
Risk management on operation of forklift 叉车运行风险管理
Training for forklift operators 叉车操作员培训
Pre-operation checks 操作前检查
Load assessments 负载评估
Forklift Stability 叉车稳定性
Forklift common safe practices 叉车常见的安全做法
Forklift traffic control 叉车交通管制

All accidents are
preventable
所有事故都是可以预防的

SAFETY TIPS
安全提示
Behaviour at workplace
工作场所的行为
KSA
Knowledge Skills Attitude
态度
知识技能

SAFETY TIPS
安全提示 Power source
Things to note
 Battery voltage ( 48 V )--- 24 cells x 2 v = 48v
 Battery rating ( Ampere )
Ba
 Battery weight ( Counterweight ) t te
ry
 Cycle duration ( 1200 - 1600 times ) * 8hrs – 12 hrs
 Maintenance of battery
If the battery 100 %

Cable
is discharged To be charged
> 60 % Every day 50 %
< 40 % Every second 20%

day 0% Charger

SAFETY TIPS
安全提示 Procedures Require
( Changing The LPG Bottle)
1. No smoking or naked flames. 1. 禁止吸烟或明火。

2. 关闭起飞阀。
2. Turn off take-off valves. 3. 关闭发动机。
4. 断开起飞软管。
3. Switch off engine.
5. 拆下安全带。
4. Disconnect take-off hose. 6. 更换瓶。
7. 连接安全带。
5. Remove safety straps. 8. 连接起飞软管。
9. 打开起飞阀。
6. Change bottle.
10. 检查泄漏（看！感觉！听着！！）
7. Connect safety straps.
8. Connect take-off hoses.
9. Turn on take-off valve.
10. Check for leaks( LOOK !FEEL! LISTEN!!)

SAFETY TIPS Regulator set
安全提示 Ignition Switch
Battery
LPG
On/
Regulator
Fuse Off Slow
(in gaseous form)
Cooling water Main In

Filter Solenoid
Valve
Carburator
Liquid Cylinder
Vacuum
take-out
valve Liquid
LPG
Engine
( LPG Layout )
SAFETY TIPS
安全提示 Weight at Centre of Gravity
重心重量
SAS
A
TOYOT

SAFETY TIPS
安全提示 TYPE OF MATERIALS TO HANDLE
要处理的材料类型
Types of loads
负载类型
 Robust 鲁棒
 even/uneven 均匀 / 不均匀
 fragile/sensitive/shock 易碎 / 敏感 / 冲击
 hazardous/non-hazardous 危险 / 非危险
 live goods 活货物
All forklift operators must know these symbols and take the precautions when you see them
有叉车操作员必须知道这些符号，并在看到这些符号时采取预防措施
Risk Assessment
风险评估
• Risk Assessment is classified into 5 elements.

风险评估分为 5 个要素
• They are known as the 5M RA.

它们被称为 5M RA 。
1. Man 人物
2. Management 管理
3. Machine 机械
4. Mission 任务
5. Medium 介质

Risk Assessment
风险评估
• MAN 人物
1. Ensure the operators possess qualified driving license for forklift.

确保操作者拥有合格的叉车驾驶证。
2. 2 Ensure the license holding operators are authorized.

3. 确保许可证持有运营商获得授权。
3. Ensure the operators are physically fit for work.

确保操作员在物理上适合工作。
4. Ensure the operators are mentally fit for work.

确保操作员在精神上适合工作。

Risk Assessment
风险评估
MANAGEMENT 管理
1. Ensure the operators are provided with appropriate PPE for the correct job.
确保操作员为正确作业提供适当的 PPE 。
2. Ensure the operators are provided with training / familiarization for the machine. If necessary,
refresher training should be provided.
确保操作员获得机器培训 / 熟悉。如有必要，应提供进修培训。
3. Clear work instructions are disseminated to the operators before commencement of work.
在开始工作之前，向操作员分发清晰的工作说明。
4. Ensure jobs are distributed evenly to prevent overloading to operators

确保作业均匀分布，以防止操作员过载
5. Ensure superiors are always available for advice.

确保上级随时可以提供建议。

Risk Assessment
风险评估
MACHINE 机械
1. Ensure the forklifts are in operationally ready.

2. 确保叉车已做好操作准备。
2. Ensure the forklifts are fully repaired before operation.

确保叉车在操作前完全修复。
3. Check for accidental damages on the forklift.

检查叉车上的意外损坏。
4. Conduct a post operation check at the end of the job.

在作业结束时执行后操作检查。
Risk Assessment
风险评估
MISSION 任务
1. Operators must ensure that jobs are clearly instructed.

操作员必须确保对作业进行明确指示。
2. Do not assume, clarify when in doubt.

不要假设，在有疑问时澄清。
3. If new job or types of cargos are being deposited/withdrew, supervision and safety briefing are
strongly recommended.
如果新工作或货物类型被存放 / 提取，强烈建议进行监督和安全简报。
4. Pay extra attention to the cargo decal on the load.

特别注意负载上的货物贴花

Risk Assessment
风险评估
MEDIUM 介质
1. Pay attention of flooring conditions.

注意地板条件。
2. If cargos are being deposited/withdrew from new types of racking, supervision

and safety briefing are strongly recommended.
如果货物正在存放 / 从新型货架中取运，强烈建议进行监督和安全简报。
3. Take caution of wet weather whilst operating outdoor.

在户外作业时，应注意潮湿的天气。
4. Pay extra attention of the height and weight limit of the work premises.
5. 特别注意工作场所的高度和重量限制。

Thank You
谢谢

Senko

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Forklift

Refresher Training ( 2021 )

 Recapped on Past experience ( Case ) 回顾过去的经验（案例）

 Major Cause of Accidents 事故主要原因

 Common forklift hazards 常见的叉车危险

 Risk Management on Operation of Forklift 叉车运行风险管理

 Training for forklift operators 叉车操作员培训\

 Pre-operation checks 操作前检查

 Load assessments 负载评估

 Forklift Stability 叉车稳定性

 Ways to Reduce Accidents 减少事故的方法

 Common safe practices 常见的安全做法

 Forklift traffic control 叉车交通管制

UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD

 Forklift can be hazardous if not handled properly

 This poses a serious problem for everyone

UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD

• Refresher training is needed whenever an operator demonstrates

UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD

On 28 May 2020, a worker was within his forklift, attempting

UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD

 Employee Behaviors / Horseplay

 Cluttered Workplace (Housekeeping)

UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD

UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD

 Unsafe stacking 不安全堆叠

 Raised forks 凸起的叉子

 Unauthorized operation of forklift 未经许可操作叉车

 Untrained forklift operators 未经训练的叉车操作员

UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD

 Lifting of persons on forks 将人员吊在叉子上

 Pedestrians and forklifts moving in the same place 行人和叉车在同一地点移动

 Travelling on slope 在斜坡上旅行

 Obstruction in the path 路径上的障碍物

 Poor ground conditions 地面条件差

UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD

 Body/limbs caught in moving parts of the forklift 叉车运动部件中捕获的身体 / 肢体

 Falling loads 叉车运动部件中捕获的身体 / 肢体

 Poor condition tyres e.g. without thread markings 状况不佳的轮胎，例如没有螺纹标记

 Electric Shock (Battery operated forklift) 电击（电池操作叉车）

 Pedestrians and forklift moving in same place 行人和叉车在同一地点移动

UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD

 Forklift traveling on slope

 Poor ground conditions

 Worn out tyres

UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD

 Electric shock from battery

 No smoking when checking the battery

 Do not Allow Batteries to completely Over-discharge.

 Keep Vent Caps Tightly closed

 Lifting person on forks

Don’t Carry Passengers

Don’t use the forklift truck as a personal lift.

UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD

 Ensure forklift drivers are competent 确保叉车司机称职

 To train driver in basic forklift operation 培训驾驶员基本叉车操作

 To provide knowledge of safe operating practices for forklift 提供叉车安全操作实践知识

UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD

 Ensure efficient and safe operation of forklifts 确保叉车高效、安全运行

 Prevent workplace injuries 防止工作场所受伤

 To remove inefficient forklift practices 消除低效的叉车做法

UMW EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING PTE LTD