LABORATORY METHOD

• In this method student Conducts experiment at his own

desk in the science laboratory.
• Student get an opportunity to carry out scientific enquiry
understand the Principles and facts of science and to
arrive at a conclusion and to learn to work in a co-
operation with others and they can also test principles
and theories by experiments.
• With the assistance of a teacher the student acquire the
skills in, handling scientific apparatus ,reading
scales ,drawing diagrams, interpreting graphs carefully
observing various objects and phenomena, collecting and
arranging data ,drawing conclusions and in taking
necessary precautions.
• This method satisfies the
curiosity of the student
and also help him to apply
the facts in everyday life.
• The ability of the teacher
who organizes the science
laboratory and the division
of students into batches
and constant monitoring
helps in the success of
laboratory method.
Laboratory approaches can be classified into:-

• 1.Verification laboratory - To illustrate

concepts,principles and laws.
• 2.Inductive laboratory- Allows students to form
concepts, principles and laws through first hand
experiences. This approach followed in projects.
• 3.Science process oriented- All laboratory work
stresses on the science process skills.
• 4.Technical skills oriented- Enables students to
acquire manipulative skills that involve the
development of hand-eye coordination
• 5. Exploratory-Allows students to explore an idea,
concept or principles without structural procedures.
students can determine and achieve specific learning
outcomes.
 ADVANTAGES
Child centered and provide a chance of learning by
doing .
• Develops science process skills and self confidence.
• Helps to participate in scientific investigations.
• Encourage the habit of neatness and discipline.
• Give facilities for developing laboratory techniques
and manipulative skills
.
• provide opportunity to participate in methods of
science.
• Enable the students to apply the facts in every day life.
 LIMITATIONS
It is very expensive and wasting of time and energy of
teacher who has to give individual attention to each
student in laboratory.
laboratory management may pose some problem to the
new science teacher.
Lot of time wasted on conducting experiments.
Dull students copy down the results of brilliant ones.
• It is effective only in a small group
ACTIVITY BASED LEARNING (ABL)
Activity based learning(ABL) is a method of learning in which
learning takes place by indulging in hands on experiments
and activities.
If the child is provided the opportunity to explore by their
own and provided an optimum learning environment then the
learning becomes joyful and long lasting .
It is a learning by doing, here the students perform things by
their hands to understand the concept well.
• It is based on pedagogical principles of learning through
activities.
 HISTORY
ABL was started in 1944
• A British man David Horshburg came to
India and finally decided to settle down
here.
• He opened a school called Neel Bagh in
Kolar district
• He developed a diverse curriculum which
included music ,carpentry, sewing,
gardening, as well as usual school
subjects ,English ,Mathematics, Sanskrit and
Telugu.
This initiative of Horshburg was one of the milestones
in ABL
The ABL in its contemporary form was first undertaken
by the Chennai corporation in 13 schools on 2003.
• First designed and tested by Rishivalley school in
Andhrapradesh in the 1990's.
• ABL has been successfully implemented in several
other states.
 CHARACTERISTICS
• Uses child friendly educational aids to foster self learning and
allows a child to study according to his or her aptitude and skill.
• ABL serves as a one model of child centered, child friendly
education, which is mandate of RTE act in India.
• Under the system the curriculum is divided into small units:-
• Each a group of self learning materials comprising attractively
designed study cards for English,Tamil,Maths,Science and
Social science.
• If a child finishes a card,he complete one "milestone"
• Activities in each milestone include
games ,rhymes ,drawings, and songs to teach a letter or a
word, form a sentence, do math and science or understand
a concept.
• The child takes up an exam card only after completing all
the milestones in a subject.
• On a common chart the milestones are arranged in the
form of a ladder to know which milestone the child
completed the last lesson .
• Each milestone has different types of the learning
processes represented by logos having six types of
activities viz. Introduction, practice, reinforcement,
self assessment or evaluation, remedial and reinforce
learning.
• If a child is absent one day, he/she continue from
where he/she left
 ADVANTAGES

Child centered approach

Develop self learning skills among teachers.
Allows a child to study according to his skill and
aptitude.
Provide optimum opportunities to learn .
Get motivation and became active learners .
• Provide fearless and freedom to express environment.
• Learning becomes joyful and lasting.
THANK YOU