ZAHA HADID ARCHITECT’S NEWEST CURVING BODY OF WATER

COMPOSITE
In structural engineering, composite
construction exists when two different
materials are bound together so strongly,
CONSTRUCTION that they act as a single unit from a
structural point of view.

Under this circumstance, it can be

described as a ‘composite action’. A
common example of this method involves
the use of steel beams supporting concrete
slabs.

Composite construction is typically used in

the commercial sector but does extend to
residential properties. Most composite
construction work is carried out in multi-
building establishments. The reason it’s so
popular is because it provides unrivalled
strength and durability using minimal
materials.

By physically connecting the elements, the

strength of the beams and the resistance to
bending , shear, and torsion are significantly
increased.
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COMP
COMMON TYPES OF
COMPOSITE
Common types of composite construction
CONSTRUCTION
methods include the composite columns,
beams, and floorings which utilizes two
materials bonded together to form a profile

E
of functionality. Some of these are the steel MILLENNIUM TOWER,
decking, I-beams, T-beams, and many VIENNA, AUSTRIA
more.

Reduced self-weight
concrete is good on compression while steel is good in tension, the best of both worlds.
By joining the two materials together, structurally, these strengths can be exploited to result in a highly efficient and
lightweight design.

COMPOSITE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAG

CHARACTERISTICS quicker time of erection
ES
Some disadvantages within
DESIGN saving costs, earlier this construction method
The principle of composite action underpins completion of the building are:
the use of composite materials in building lower financing costs ready
construction. It relates to the interaction of for use earlier thus increasing • Costly for small
two or more separate elements acting together rental income projects
and contributing together rather than • Requires skilled labor
separately. • Lightweight and proper
• Cost-effective management
By physically connecting the elements, the • Ease of installation • special equipments for
strength of the beams and the resistance to • Longer spans and installation
bending , shear, and torsion are significantly column free area • Transportation of large
increased. • Quick construction members
• Thinner slabs, columns
FEATURES and beams
Additionally, the concrete encasement • Less material handling
protects the steel from buckling, corrosion, • Durable
and fire. • Sustainable
• Stable
Structural Efficiency
Building quality standards can be adhered by
the use of pre-faabricated decks. Excessive
deflections can be controlled by cambering
the beams or shoring the metal decks to limit
deflectiion when concrete is poured,

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 ONE OCEAN,METRO,
WASHINGTON YEOSU,WASHINGTON
SOUTH KOREEA

TYPES OF
COMPOSITE
CONSTRUCTION
COMPOSITE DECK SLAB
The most common composite slab consists of the profiled
steel decking and concrete cast in-situ. Once cured the
concrete and decking act compositely 181, WEST MADISON, CHICAGO USA
COMPOSITE T-BEAM
A composite beam can be structurally described as a T-
Beam, with the top flange composed of concrete in
compression and the steel section in tension. Forces
between the two materials are transferred by shear
connectors.

SHEAR CONNECTOR
The main purpose of the shear connector is to provide
longitudinal shear resistance between the materials so that
they act compositely and to facilitate the interaction
between the different materials and to allow them to act as
one.

1 INTESA, SAN PAOLO

 The Philippine Convention Center is a convention center in the Cultural Center of
the Philippines Complex in Pasay City, Metro Manila, Philippines. The facility has
been hosting international and local meetings, fairs, and social events.

Designed in 1976, the Philippine International COnvention Center has been rendered
as the brutalist icon of architecture in the country. Designed by the National Artist
Leandro Locsin, the structure showcases brutalist approach on its design, including
the elements of bare concrete, striking visuals, heavy atmosphere, and distinctive
lines. By its function of providing wide and spacious area for visual perception, the
PICC building utilized the contsruction of the waffle slab above its entrance drop off,
achieving a long span of inviting lines radiating towards the interior, with suspended
ceiling elements and illumination for the added aesthetic value.

SOMA
GALLERY OF ONE OCEAN, YEOSU, SOUTH KOREA

COMPO
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