ELECTRICAL

TRANSFORMER:
POWERING OUR WORLD

Electrical transformer plays a vital role in powering our modern society.

UNDERSTANDING TRANSFORMERS
Definition
 A transformeris a passive component that transfers electrical energy
from one electrical circuit to another circuit, or multiple
circuits.

 Working Principle
A varying current in the transformer's primary winding creates a varying
magnetic flux in the transformer core, which is also encircled by the
secondary winding. This varying flux at the secondary winding induces a
varying electromotive force or voltage in the secondary winding. This
electromagnetic induction phenomenon is the basis of transformer
action and, in accordance with Lenz's law, the secondary current so
produced creates a flux equal and opposite to that produced by the
primary winding.
Components
These include core, windings, insulating materials, transformer oil, tap
changer, conservator, breather, cooling tubes and explosion vent
TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS

Step-Up
A step-up transformer is a transformerthat has a primary voltage that is
lowerthan the secondary voltage.
Step-Down
A step-down transformer is an electrical device that reduces the voltage
of an alternating current (AC) power supply.
Distribution
Plays a vital role in distributing low and high voltages to end users
APPLICATIONS OF
TRANSFORMERS

Power Transmission
Transformers enable the efficient transmission of electricity across long
distances.
Industrial Usage
There are diverse applications of transformers in various industries,
from manufacturing to transportation.
Residential Power
Transformers ensure safe and reliable electricity supply to residential
areas.
CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN

Core Materials
Soft iron core is used as the core in transformers.
Windings and Insulation
The effect of laminations is to confine eddy currents to highly elliptical paths that enclose little flux, and so
reduce their magnitude.
Cooling Systems
Air Natural (AN) Cooling
Efficiency and Losses

 Efficiency Calculations
Similar to an electrical device, the efficiency of transformer is
also introduced as the same ratio of output energy to the input
energy (efficiency = output/input).
 Losses
The four main types of loss are resistive loss, eddy currents,
hysteresis, and flux loss.
 Improving Efficiency
While the efficiency of your transformer can never reach 100 %,
there are different ways to improve them from its current state.
To make a transformer more efficient, you can add loop area
insulation, primary and secondary coilresistance, orflux
coupling
In Conclusion

 Recap of Key Points Transformers is a device that

transfers electric energy fromone alternating-current
circuit to one or more other circuits, eitherincreasing
(stepping up) orreducing (stepping down) the voltage.
 Significance of Transformers Transformers are
employed for widely varying purposes; e.g., to reduce
the voltage of conventional power circuits to operate
lowvoltage devices, such as doorbells and toy electric
trains, and to raise the voltage from electric
generators so that electric power can be transmitted
over long distances.
 Future Developments Several market players
have invested in developing new power
transformer designs that minimize electricity
losses during transmission. What’s more,
companies have focused on reinventing
power transformers altogether by replacing
metal in core with a novel composition of
metals