Weathering of rocks refers to the

process by which rocks on the

Earth’s surface are broken down
and altered over time due to
various environment factors.
 Mechanical Weathering
This occurs when rocks are physically
broken into smaller pieces without any change in
their chemical composition. Common mechanical
weathering processes include frost wedging
(water freezing and expanding in cracks),
abrasion from wind and water and plant and roots
growing in crevices, causing rocks to split.
Chemical Weathering
It involves the alteration of rocks
through chemical reactions with substance like
water, oxygen, acids, and other chemicals. Over
time, these reactions can change the mineral
composition of rocks
 It is a powerful weathering agent. When it
infiltrates cracks in rocks and freezes, it expands, causing
the cracking to widen through a process called frost
wedging. Over time, this can break rocks apart.
 Wind-blown sand abrasive particles can erode
rocks by physically wearing them down. This is
particularly evident in arid region where erosion is
common.
 Daily temperature fluctuations can cause rocks to
expand and contract . Repeated expansion and
contraction can lead to the development of racks and
fractures in the rocks, facilitating mechanical
weathering.
 Acids such as carbonic acid found in rain water, can react
with certain minerals in rocks, particularly limestone and
marble. This chemical reaction leads to the dissolution and
weakening of the rocks.
 PLANTS
The growth of plants roots can exert
pressure on rocks, causing them to crack and
break apart. This is known as biological
weathering.
 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Burrowing animals, such as
earthworms and burrowing insects, can
contribute to the breakdown of rocks by
creating tunnels and services.
 SALT
In coastal areas, the presence of
saltwater can lead to the dissolution of
minerals in rocks, specially in porous rocks
like sandstone.
 HUMAN ACTIVITIES
Human activities, such as mining, construction,
quarrying can also accelerate weathering process. The
removal of vegetation and the introduction of chemicals
can have significant impacts on rock weathering.