LO2.

4
Discuss the recommended construction of
watertight bulkheads in ships as per SOLAS
Regulation
Construction of Watertight Bulkheads in
Ships as per SOLAS Regulation
Introduction
• Ships are exposed to various risks, including the possibility of
flooding due to damage or accidents.

• To ensure the safety of passengers, crew, and cargo, the International

Maritime Organization (IMO) has established regulations under the
Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) convention.

• This report aims to provide an overview of the recommended

construction of watertight bulkheads in ships in accordance with
SOLAS regulations.
Watertight Bulkheads
• Watertight bulkheads are structural divisions within a ship that
separate different compartments.

• These bulkheads are designed to prevent the free flow of water

between compartments in the event of damage or flooding.

• Their construction and placement play a critical role in ensuring the

vessel's stability and limiting the spread of water in case of
emergencies.
SOLAS
Regulations
The SOLAS convention, adopted by the IMO, sets out specific
regulations for the construction of watertight bulkheads in ships. The
key regulations pertaining to watertight bulkheads include:

a. SOLAS Chapter II-1, Regulation 9 –

Subdivision and Damage Stability: This regulation requires ships to

be divided into watertight compartments using suitable bulkheads. It
specifies the minimum standards for subdivision and the maximum
allowable flooding in each compartment.
SOLAS Regulations
b. SOLAS Chapter II-1, Regulation 11-2 –

Watertight Integrity: This regulation outlines the requirements for

maintaining the watertight integrity of bulkheads. It includes guidelines
for the construction, inspection, and maintenance of watertight seals,
doors, and hatches.
SOLAS Regulations
c. SOLAS Chapter II-1, Regulation 12 –

Intact Stability: This regulation addresses the intact stability of ships

and emphasizes the importance of proper subdivision and watertight
integrity to maintain stability during normal operations and in
emergency situations.
SOLAS Regulations recommendations

• Position: SOLAS Regulation specifies that the collision bulkhead

should be located aft of the forward perpendicular at a distance not
less than 5 percent of the ship's length or 10 meters, whichever is less.

• Height and Extent: Watertight bulkheads should extend from

the ship's bottom to the uppermost continuous deck and should be of
sufficient height to prevent water from overflowing into adjacent
compartments.
SOLAS Regulations recommendations
• Strength and Inspections: Watertight bulkheads must be
constructed to withstand the hydrostatic pressures that may be
experienced during flooding events. Regular inspections and
maintenance are required to ensure the continued integrity of these
bulkheads
• Openings: SOLAS Regulations also address the number and size of
openings in watertight bulkheads. The regulations specify restrictions
and requirements for openings below the bulkhead deck in passenger
ships to maintain their watertight integrity.
Construction Guidelines
The construction of watertight bulkheads should adhere to the following
guidelines:

a. Material Selection: Bulkheads should be constructed using

materials with high strength and water-resistant properties. Steel is
commonly used due to its strength and durability.
b. Structural Integrity: Bulkheads should be designed and constructed
to withstand hydrostatic pressure and potential impacts.
Reinforcements such as stiffeners and gussets may be incorporated
to enhance structural integrity.
c. Watertight Seals: All penetrations through bulkheads, such as
pipes, cables, and ducts, should be properly sealed with approved
watertight fittings and materials to prevent water ingress.
d. Doors and Hatches: Watertight doors and hatches should be
provided at appropriate locations to allow access between
compartments. They should be constructed to withstand pressure
differentials and fitted with efficient sealing mechanisms.
e. Inspection and Maintenance: Regular inspections should be
conducted to ensure the ongoing integrity of watertight bulkheads.
Any damages or leakages should be promptly repaired, and seals,
doors, and hatches should be maintained in good working
condition.
 Conclusion
• The construction of watertight bulkheads in ships is a crucial aspect of ensuring the safety and
integrity of vessels.

• It is important for shipbuilders and operators to adhere to these recommended construction

practices for watertight bulkheads to enhance the safety and maintain the structural integrity of
the vessel in case of the event of flooding or collision at sea.

• Compliance with SOLAS regulations regarding subdivision and watertight integrity is

essential to minimize the potential risks of flooding and enhance the stability of ships.

• By following the recommended guidelines, shipbuilders and operators can contribute to safer
maritime operations and protect lives, cargo, and the environment.