RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY
LECTURE NO 2
BY: DR. NAJMA KABIR
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ASIA LAHORE
Seven Characteristics of a good
Research
• Should have a clearly defined purpose
• Should be based on ethics
• Research Design/ Methodology should be clear and well
planned
• Researcher should be a skilled expert
• Unbiased analysis of results
• Conclusions should be justified
• Should give scope for further research
4 Main parts of Research
1. Research question

2. Structure of research

3. Data collection

4. Analysis
 The eight-step model for carrying out research
• Step I
Formulating a research problem and planning a research study
• Step II
Conceptualizing a research design

• • Step III
Constructing an instrument for data collection

• • Step IV
Selecting a sample

• • Step V
Writing a research proposal
STEPS IN CONDUCTING A RESEARCH STUDY

• Step VI Collecting data

• Step VII Processing and displaying data

• Step VIII Writing a research report

 Details of 8 step model to carry out
Research
1. Formulate a Research Problem
Characteristics of a Research Problem
 Should be worth studying (must have viability & potentiality)

 Should be socially useful (for experts, policy makers etc)

 Must be a felt need for research over the problem (untouched by other
researchers)

 Should come up with realistic solutions to the problem

 Should be up to date and related to current happenings

Consider the following points to select a
Research Problem
1. Researcher’s interest

2. Significance of the topic

3. Novelty of the idea

4. Researcher’s resources

5. Time based program

6. Availability of data

7. Feasibility of the study benefits of the research at large

 Step II: Conceptualizing a research design

A concept is an abstraction formed by generalizations from

particulars like, harmony, balance, force, parallelism,
intelligence, honesty etc
• It identify it from others
• It is an abstraction
Step III :Constructing an instrument for data
collection
Interview, schedule, questionnaire, experiment, projective
techniques, case study method & survey.
Types of Data
• Primary Data
Interviews, observations, and questionnaires are the main
sources of primary data.

• Secondary Data
Government publications, reports and previous research
Each has its own advantages and disadvantages and each is
appropriate for a certain situation.
THANKS