INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

ON
“CONSTRUCTION OF BITUMENS
ROAD”
(Under Panchayat Raj Department, Tirupati.)

Presented
by
D.DASTHAGIGI
Internal Guide 20018-C-071 Training Incharge
K.RAJIV M.MOHAN
LECTURER ASSISTANT ENGINEER
 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS
MACHINERY
CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION

Panchayat Raj Department

The following worksare comes under Panchayat Raj Department;

 Construction of Rural Roads.
 Construction of Small Check Dams.
 Construction of Embankments.
 Construction of Buildings..

Under Panchayat Raj Department, I worked on construction of

Bitumen Road
 Work Detailes
 Name of the work : Construction of road from
“ UK Pentta Road to Bodevandlapalli-Gundalabylu
Road” in Y.V Palen.
 The Estimated cost of the road is Rs.325 lakhs.
 The length of the road is 6/660 to km 10.200.
 The width of the road is 3.75 m.
GOOGLE MAP
 Bitumens Road
Bituminous road is a road constructied by using Bitumen.It is also called
flexible pavement because it changes its shape according to nature of load and
sub base.
Bitumen is a binding agent produced from petroleum. Bitumen is known for
being strongly adhesive and resistant to damage from water and oil spills. This
makes bitumen the ideal binder for asphalt because asphalt is commonly used
as a surface for roads, car parks and driveways.
 MATERIALS
 Bitumen : The bitumen shall be bitumen of viscocity grade complying with indian
standard specification for “Paving Bitumen”IS :73.Guide lines on the choice of
bitumen depending on the max and min annual temperatures in site.
 Aggregates : The coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed rock,crushed gravel or
other hard material retained on the 2.36 mm sieve. They shall be clean,
hard,durable, of cubical safe, free from dust and soft or friable matter, organic or
other deleterious substance.
 Table 500.3 phusical Requiedments for aggregates for bituminous macadam

Property Test Specification

Particle shape Flakiness index Max.25%

Strength Aggregate impact Max.30%

value

Water Absorption Water Absorpyion Max.2%

Aggregate grading :The combined aggregate grading for the particular mixture shall fall
with in the limites shows in table Table:500.4. The type and quantity of bitumen are also
indicated in Table 500.4.
IS SIEVE CUMMULATIVE % PASSING BY WEIGHT OF
TOTAL AGGREGATE
26.5 100
19 90-100
13.2 56-88
4.75 16-36
2.36 4-19
0.3 2-10
0.75 0.5
Bitumen content, per by weight of total mixture 3.3-3.5

Bitumen emulsion : Bitumen emulsion is a liquefied type of bitumen with a low viscosity.
By dispersing bitumen in water and adding an emulsifier, ordinary bitumen turns into a low
viscosity liquid that can easily be used in a variety of applications, including repairing and
maintaining roads, waterproofing, spraying, etc.
 Machineries
 Batch Mix Plant:A bitumen mixing plant, also
called asphalt mixing plant, is road surface
paving material production equipment that is
used to blend cold aggregate, liquid bitumen,
and other admixture to form blacktop, which is
widely used for road construction
 Paver : A paver is a piece of construction
equipment used to lay concrete or Portland
cement concrete on roads, bridges, parking lots
and other such places. It lays the material flat and
provides minor compaction.
 Roller : vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete,
or in the construction of roads and foundations

 Truk : Truck, also called lorry, any motor vehicle designed to carry materials from
one place to other place.
 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
 SITE CLEARENCE
 PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE
 PREPARATION OF GRANULAR SUB BASE
 LAYING OF WMM LAYWER
 BITUMINIOUS SURFACING COURESE
 COMPACTION
 OPENING TO TRAFFIC
 The work shall consist of cutting,trimming
SITE CLEARENCE removing and disposing of all materials such as
tress,tress branches,bushes,shrubs,roots,grass,top
organic soil not exceeding 150 mm in
thickness,loose stone etc….
 Clearing and grubbing shall be performed less than
one month in advance of earthwork operation.
 Reclearing of the site of any vegetation,grass shrubs
 During clearning and grubbing ,the contractor shall
take all adequate precations for preservation of all
vegetation adjacent to road land against soill
erosion, water pollusion etc..
 Tools & Equipment as per approved by engineer
shall be adopted for the work . If the area has thick
vegetation/roots/tress,a tractor-dozer may be
requied for clearance purpose..
 Excavators..
 Backhoe…
 Hand clearnind etc…
 PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE

•The subgrade course is typically

the natural soil.
•After cleaning,it is prepared to
the requied grade and profile that
is 4 inches.
•The subgrade shall be prepared
in lengths of not less than 100
metres at any one time, unless
otherwise approved by the
Engineer.
•Subgrade material shall be
scarified to a depth of 150 mm
until the soil is fully loosened.
Any lumps or clods shall be
removed or broken to pass a 50
mm sieve
 PREPARATION OF GRANULAR SUB BASE
 Granular Sub Base (GSB) is a
naturally occurring or artificially
created building material used as a
sub-base layer for roads.
 Because crushed aggregate is
employed in granular form and is
used above the subgrade layer below
the base,
 this layer is referred to as a granular
subbase
 Granular bases are typically
constructed by spreading the
materials in thin layers of 150 mm (6
in) to 200 mm (8 in) and
compacting each layer by rolling
over it with heavy compaction
equipment.
 LAYING OF WMM SURFACE
 Wet Mix Macadam(WMM) work includes laying and compacting clean,
crushed, graded aggregate and granular material premixed with water to a
dense mass on a prepared GSB layer or existing pavement as per the
requirement of the project.
 WMM can be laid in one or more layers, but the thickness of the single
compacted layer is not less than 75mm, and the maximum of 200mm when
vibrating or other approved types of compacting equipment are used.
 CONSTRACTION OPERATION (WMM)

PREPARATION OF SUB BASE

To prepare level surface free from obstacles
Sub base thikness 4-6 inches

PREPARATION OF MIX
The GSB material must be natural river bed
material with the right gradation or crushed
stone aggregate devoid of organic .

SPREADING OF MIX
laying spreading , crushed, well-graded granular
materials on a prepared and approved Granular
sub base. Thickenss 250mm…..

COMPACTION
The material is well mixed with water and rolled to
a dense mass. It shall be laid on one or more layers as
per line and level, grade.compact thinness 200mm

OPENING TO TRAFFIC
 LAYING OF BIYUMENS ROAD SURFACE

 The main purpose of bitumen in flexible pavements is to strongly bind and hold the
other pavement components together and provide a smooth and leveled surface for
the moving vehicles. Bitumen is a naturally occurring material and is found in large
quantities in the solid or semi solid forms of petroleum.
 Bitumen is a binding agent produced from petroleum. Bitumen is known for being
strongly adhesive and resistant to damage from water and oil spills. This makes
bitumen the ideal binder for asphalt because asphalt is commonly used as a surface
for roads, car parks and driveways.
 It is used to make the surface of roads, as well as to provide a base for roads.
 CONSTRACTION OPERATION (BITUMEN ROAD SURFACE )

 Preparation of
surface :Whenre the
exisiting surface is
granular ,all loose materials
shall be removed and shall
be clearned of all loose and
extraneous matter and the
surface lightly watered.
 The surface finish of all
granular layer on which
bituminous works are to be
placed shall be free from
dust.
 All such by means of layer
on BT works are to be
capable swept, after the
removal of any non-integral
loose materials by
mechanical broom.
 PRIME COAT OVER GRANULAR BASE
 A prime coat is the application of a suitable bituminous binder applied to a
non-bituminous granular base as a preliminary treatment before the
application of a bituminous surfacing
 Prime coats protect the integrity of the granular base during construction and
help reduce dust.Prime shall be allowd to cure for at least 24 hours long period
 This will usually be from 1.0 to 2.5 litres per square metre, and at a temperature
within the range called for in Table 3.4-6 for the particular material being used.
 TACK COAT OVER GRANULAR BASE
 Tack coat is a sprayed application of an asphalt binder upon an existing asphalt
or Portland cement concrete pavement prior to an overlay, or between layers of
new asphalt concrete.
 To create a strong adhesive bond without slippage
 Curing period for most tack coat materials require 1 to 2 hr to fully cure (set)

Table 500.2 Rate of Application of Tack Coat

Type of surface Emulsion Rate of spray of Binder

(Kg/M2)
1) Normal bituminous surface 0.20-0.25

2) Dry and hungry bituminous surface 0.25-0.30

3) Granular surface 0.25-0.30

4) Cement concrete pavement 0.30-0.35

 PREPARATION & TRANSPORTATION OF MIX
 The pre-mixed bituminous for Bituminous macadam shall be prepared in a hot
mix plant of adequate capacity and capable of yielding a mix of proper and
uniform quality with thoroughly coated aggregates.

Table 500.5 Mixing,laying & Rolling Temperature for Bituminous mixes

(Degree Celcious)

Bitumen Bitumen Aggregate Mixed Laying Rolling

Viscocity Temperature Temperature Material Temperature Temperature
Grade Temperature

VG-40 160-170 160-175 160-170 150 min 100 min

VG-30 150-165 150-170 150-165 140 min 90 min

VG-20 145-165 145-170 145-165 135 min 85 min
VG-10 140-160 140-165 140-160 130 min 80 min
 SPREADING
 To provide water tight surface. It improves the visibility at night and develops
skid resistant texture. To improve the wearing resistance of an existing road
surface.
 COMPACTION
 A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller) is a
compactor-type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or
asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations.
 While spreading the material along the joint the material spread shall over 25
mm to 30 mm on the previously laid mix beyond the vertical face of the joint.
 The thickness of the loose overlap material should be approximately a quarter
more than the final compacted thickness.
 OPENING TO TRAFFIC
 During the period of construction,arrangement for traffic
shall be made in accordance with the provision of section.
 CONCLUSION
 • Use of the innovative technology not only strengthened theroad construction
but also increased the road lifeHelp to improve the environment
 • Plastic road would be a boon for India's hot and extremelyhumid climate
where durable and eco-friendly roads whichwill relive the earth from all type of
plastic waste
 • Roads laid with plastic waste mix are found to be betterthan the conventional
ones
 • Plastic will increase the melting point of the bitumen.Rainwater will not seep
through because of the plastic inthe tar. So, this technology will result in lesser
road repairs
 • Use of the innovative technology not only strengthened theroad construction
but also increased the road life.