Definition - DNA replication is a

biological process of producing

identical copies of parental DNA from
the parental DNA.

LOCATION –
Eukaryotes - nucleus of cell.
Prokaryotes – cytoplasm.

PHASE – S phase of meiosis.

Duration -
Prokaryotes – 20 minutes
Eukaryotes – 8 hours.
 NATURE OF
DNA
• DNA IS
SEMICONSERVATIVE IN
NATURE.
THIS NATURE WAS PROVED BY –
MESELSON AND STAHL
EXPERIMENT WAS AN
EXPERIMENTAL PROOF FOR
SEMICONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION
(1958).
CONDUCTED ON – E.COLI
N15 (HEAVY) AND N14 (NORMAL) ARE
TWO ISOTOPES OF NITROGEN,
WHICH CAN BE DITINGUISHED IN
CAESIUM CHLORIDE (CSCL).
MESELSON AND STAHL CULTURED
E.COLI IN A MEDIUM CONSTITUTING
( N15 H4 CL ) OVER MANY
GENERATIONS. AS A RESULT, N15
WAS INTEGRATED INTO THE
BACTERIAL DNA. LATER, THEY
REVISED THE (N15 H4 CL) MEDIUM TO
NORMAL (N14 H4 CL).
MACHINERY AND
ENZYME REQUIRED -
DNA Template – Strand of DNA on
which replication takes place .
Primer – It provide star ting point
for DNA replication .
DNTP’s – Dinucleotide
triphosphates (DNTP’s), provide
single bases ready to go into
DNA and double it , like building
blocks .
Origin of replication – a sequence
of DNA at which replication is
initiated .
ENZYMES
-

PROCESS –
PROCESS OF REPLICATION-
1. Enzyme helicase binds at the origin of
replication.
• Unwinding of DNA strand.

2. Topoisomerase enzyme binds on DNA strand.

• To release strain caused during unwinding of
DNA.

3. SSB’s bind on each strand to hold strand

separately.

4. Attachment of primer by primase enzyme, which

provide starting site for DNA synthesis.

5. Attachment of DNA polymerase enzyme for the

replication of DNA from parental DNA.

It takes place in unidirectional – 5’-3’.

6. Enzyme DNA ligase joins the Okazaki

fragments which are form during replication

on discontinuous strand.
 BIBILOGRAPHY:-
1. www.wikipedia.org
2. www.google.com.
3. www.slideshare.com.
4. NCERT biology textbook.