California Institute of Technology

• The California Institute of Technology (branded as Caltech or CIT) is

a private research university in Pasadena, California. The university is responsible for
many modern scientific advancements and is among a small group of institutes of
technology in the United States which is strongly devoted to the instruction of pure and
applied sciences. Due to its history of technological innovation, Caltech is widely
considered one of the world's major research centers.
• The institution was founded as a preparatory and vocational school by Amos G.
Throop in 1891 and began attracting influential scientists such as George Ellery
Hale, Arthur Amos Noyes, and Robert Andrews Millikan in the early 20th century. The
vocational and preparatory schools were disbanded and spun off in 1910 and the college
assumed its present name in 1920. In 1934, Caltech was elected to the Association of
American Universities, and the antecedents of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
which Caltech continues to manage and operate, were established between 1936 and
1943 under Theodore von Kármán.
• Scientists and engineers at or from the university have played an essential role in
many modern scientific breakthroughs and innovations, including advances
in sustainability science, quantum physics, earthquake monitoring, protein
engineering, and soft robotics. As of October 2022, there are 79 Nobel laureates
who have been affiliated with Caltech, making it the institution with the highest
number of Nobelists per capita in America.This includes 46 alumni and faculty
members (47 prizes, with chemist Linus Pauling being the only individual in
history to win two unshared prizes). In addition, four Fields Medalists and six
Turing Award winners have been affiliated with Caltech.