Biographies of Remarkable

Indian Mathematician
Presented By
Vidhi seta
Ramanujan….
• Srinivasa Ramanujan was a great Indian mathematician.
• He is counted among the greatest mathematicians of modern times.
• Ramanujan was born on December 22, 1887, in the village of Kumbakonam,
Tamil Nadu, to a Brahmin family.
• He was an Indian greatest mathematician given contributions to number theory,
functions, and infinite series.
• National Mathematics Day is observed on 22 December annually to
commemorate the birth anniversary of the great Indian Mathematician Srinivasa
Ramanujan.
• In 2012, Dr. Manmohan Singh, then Prime Minister, declared December 22 as
National Mathematics Day.
Continue…
• In November 1897, he passed his primary examinations in English, Tamil,
geography, and arithmetic, and gained vest scores in the district.
• He entered Town Higher Secondary School in the same year and encountered
formal mathematics for the first time.
Key facts…
Born 22 December 1887
Place of Birth Erode, India
Died 26 April 1920 (aged 32)
Place of Death Kumbakonam, India
Other names Srinivasa Ramanujan Iyengar
Governments Art College (no degree), Pachaiyappa's
Education College (no degree), Trinity College, Cambridge
(Bachelor of Arts by Research)
Landau–Ramanujan constant, Mock theta functions,
Ramanujan conjecture, Ramanujan prime, Ramanujan
Known for
theta function, Ramanujan's sum, Rogers–Ramanujan
identities, Ramanujan's master theorem, etc.
Awards Fellow of the Royal Society
Major works….
• Ramanujan wrote more than 3000 theorems.
• Approximations to Pi and modular equations
• For five years in England, Ramanujan worked mostly in the subject of
number theory.
• In that, He also made several advances in England, mainly in the partition
of numbers (the various ways that a positive integer can be expressed as the
sum of positive integers; e.g. 4 can be expressed as 4, 3 + 1, 2 + 2, 2 + 1 +
1, and 1 + 1 + 1 + 1).
• In October 1918, he was the first Indian to be elected a Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge.
• 1729 is famous as Hardy-Ramanujan number and generalisation of this idea
have generated the notion of "Taxicab numbers".
• He worked in several areas including the Riemann series, the elliptic
integrals, hypergeometric series, the functional equations of the zeta
C.R.RAO
Continue…
• C.R. Rao was born on 10 September 1920 in Huvanna Hadagali, now in
Karnataka State.
• He did his high school education in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh and
subsequently received his Master’s degree in Mathematics from Andhra
University in 1940.
• He joined the Indian Statistical Institute in January 1941 as a statistical trainee.
• He enrolled in the newly started master’s program of the Calcutta University,
receiving a Master’s degree in Statistics in 1943 securing the highest rank and
gold medal of the university.
• His master’s thesis was on a Characterization of random variables based on
regression properties, a problem posed by Ragner Frisch
Professor C.R Rao Academic Life:
Early life
• He studied in schools at Gudur, Nuzvid, Nandigama, and
Visakhapatnam, in Andhra Pradesh
• MA degree in Statistics from Calcutta University with a first-
class, first rank and a record of marks unbeaten till now, and
a gold medal (1943).
• Rao received an MA degree in Mathematics with a first-class
and first rank from Andhra University (1941)
Research Career of Prof. C.R. Rao:

• He was invited to work on a project at the Museum of

Anthropology and Archeology at Cambridge University, UK,
which required the Statistical Methodology developed by P.C.
Mahalanobis, the founder of ISI.
• Based on the work he did, he earned his Ph.D. in 1948 from
Cambridge University with R.A. Fisher.
• C.R. Rao worked in India at the Indian Statistical Institute for
40 years (1941-79)
• He moved to the USA and worked for another 25 years at the
University of Pittsburgh and the Pennsylvania State University.
Shakuntala Devi
• Shakuntala Devi was born in 1929 in Karnataka’s Bengaluru.
• She was a mental calculator commonly known as the “Human
Computer”.
• She competed against the world’s then fastest computer, UNIVAC to
calculate the 23rd root of a number with 201 digits and won by 10
seconds.
• She earned a place in The Guinness Book of World Records, 1982
edition.
Birth and early life of Shakuntala Devi
• She was born in a Hindu Brahmin family in Bangalore on November 4,
1929.
• When she was just three years old, her father discovered that she had an
amazing ability to memorize numbers.
• He quit the circus company where he was working and gave road shows
projecting the talent of his daughter in calculating.
• Right at the age of six, Shakuntala Devi proved her arithmetic capabilities
in the University of Mysore. She moved to London with her father in 1944.
• She was found to be an expert in highly complex mental arithmetic. Her
passion to expand the human capacity made her develop the concept
known as ‘Mind Dynamics’.
A place in the Guinness Book of World Records
• Her talents earned her a place in the Guinness Book of World Records
in the year 1982.
• She was praised as the authentic heroine of her times and she could
command the headlines in newspapers and magazines.
• It was said she could outperformed the fastest computers of her times.
• She was heralded as ‘Human Computer’
• However, she never liked this title. She said, human mind has
incomparably much capabilities than the computer and it is not
appropriate to compare human mind with computers.
D.R.Kaprekar
• Dattatreya Ramchandra Kaprekar was born in Dahanu in 1905 near
Mumbai.
• He was an Indian recreational mathematician describing multiple
classes of natural numbers that included the Kaprekar, Harshad and
self numbers.
• He discovered Kaprekar’s constant named after him.
• Despite having no formal postgraduate training and working as a
schoolteacher, he published extensively and became well known in
recreational mathematics circles.
Early life and education…
• Kaprekar completed his secondary school education in Thane and studied at
Fergusson College in Pune.
• He further completed his bachelor’s degree from the University of Mumbai in
1929.
• He started his career as a schoolteacher. Though he did not have formal training in
pure mathematics.
• Working as a schoolteacher, he developed his own mathematical research and
became well known in recreational mathematics circles.
• From 1930 until his retirement in 1962, he worked as a school teacher in Devlali,
India.
Kaprekar’s number and contribution

• He is best known for discovering the Kaprekar’s constant — 6174.

To see the magic of Kaprekar’s constant, choose any 4 digit number
where all digits are not equal.
• Rearrange the digits to form the largest and smallest number and
subtract the smaller from the larger. Continue the process with this
number and in at most seven steps you will reach the Kaprekar’s
constant. Such is magic of Kaprekar and his numbers.
• Example below:
• 7433–3347 = 4086
• 8640–0468 = 8172
• 8721–1278 = 7443
Continue..
• 7443–3447 = 3996
• 9963–3699 = 6264
• 6642–2466 = 4176
• 7641–1467 = 6174
There are many such interesting applications of his works.
He also made great contributions towards various topics such as magic squares,
recurring decimals, integers with special properties and much more.
His contributions has garnered international recognition and have been
published frequently. Kaprekar died in 1986 in Devlali, Maharashtra.
Satyendra Nath Bose
• The Bengali Mathematician Satyendra Nath Bose was born in kolkata on 1
January 1894.
• He was an expert in mathematics and physics.
• He also specialized in theoretical physics.
• He was given the prestigious Padma Vibhushan award.
• He was a theoretical physicist, laying the foundation for theoretical physics
in India.
• He was known for his work on quantum mechanics, providing a base for
Bose-Einstein statistics.
• Some of the other contributions of Satyendra Nath Bose include Bose-
Einstein condensate, Boson, Single field theory , Diffraction of X-ray and
research in the field of Electromagnetic waves.
Satyendra Nath Bose: Early Life And Education

• The Bengali Mathematician and physicist Satyendra Nath Bose was

Born on January 1, 1894, in Calcutta (now Kolkata).
• Best known for his work with Albert Einstein on a theory about the
gas-like properties of electromagnetic radiation, Bose has contributed
to many development committees in sovereign India.
• Regarded as an exemplary student Throughout his time in high school
and college, Bose graduated with an M.Sc. in mixed mathematics from
the Presidency College in Calcutta in 1915.
• He also went on to teach at the University of Dacca (1921–45) before
returning to Calcutta,
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• Awards And Achievements
• Padma Vibhushan
• Fellow of the Royal Society
• Scientific career
• Fields
• Physics
• Quantum Mechanics
• Mathematics
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, a scientist and a statistician from Bengal
was born in June 1893.
• He is remembered for the statistical measure, Mahalanobis distance.
• He introduced the concept of pilot and large-scale surveys, making a
legendary contribution to the field of Statistics.
• Owing to his outstanding contributions to Statistics, he was also known
as the “Father of Indian Statistics” and he founded the Indian Institute of
Statistical Science.
• He was a member of India’s first Planning Commission.
• India’s 2nd five-year plan, focusing on industrialization, was built on the
Mahalanobis model.
Early life…

• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was born on 29 June 1893, in Calcutta,

Bengal, British India to Probodh Chandra and Nirodbashini.
• He was the eldest of the couple’s six children. His family was a
relatively wealthy and influential one.
• He received his schooling at the Brahmo Boys School in Calcutta,
graduating in 1908.
• He then enrolled at the Presidency College, Calcutta, where his
teachers included Jagadish Chandra Bose and Prafulla Chandra Ray.
• Wishing to study abroad, he went to England in 1913 and joined
King's College Chapel. He had an interesting life in England—along
with his studies,
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Contributions

• He founded the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in the early 1930s

which later on became recognized as an academic institute of national
importance.
• The institute is today regarded as one of the oldest and most
prestigious institutions focused on statistics.
• One of his major contributions to statistics was the concept of
Mahalanobis distance which he introduced in 1936. A measure of the
distance between a point P and a distribution D, it is a multi-
dimensional generalization of the idea of measuring how many
standard deviations away P is from the mean of D.
• He also used statistics in flood management and economic planning.
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Achievements

• From 1947 to 1951, he was the chairperson of the United Nations Sub-
Commission on Sampling, and in 1949, he was designated as India’s honorary
statistical adviser
• In 1968, he was awarded the Srinivasa Ramanujan Gold Medal
• In 1968, the Indian government awarded him the Padma Vibhushan, one of
India’s highest honours, for his groundbreaking work
• In 2006, India’s government officially announced his birthdate, June 29, as
“National Statistics Day.”
• In honour of his 125th birthday, Indian Vice-President M Venkaiah Naidu
distributed a commemorative coin during an ISI event in Kolkata on June 29, 2018
• In 1950, he was the President of the Indian Science Congress