Lesson 2:

Community Health Problems

Refuse Materials by Kind Composition and
Sources
Kind Composition Sources
Garbage Waste from Household
preparation, cooking restaurants,
and serving of food, institutions, stores and
market wastes, wastes markets
from handling storage
and sale of products
Rubbish Combustible: Paper, Same as garbage
carton, boxes, barrels,
woods, furniture,
bedding, tree
branches trimmings

Non-combustible:
Refuse Materials by Kind Composition and
Sources
Kind Composition Sources
Ashes Residue from fire used Same as garbage
for cooking, heating
and from onsite
incretion
Street refuse Sweepings, dirt, Streets, sidewalks,
leaves, catch-basin alleys, vacant lots
dirt, contents of litter
receptacles
Dead animals Cats, dogs, horses, Same as street refuse
cows
Abandoned vehicles Unwanted cars and Same as street refuse
trucks left on public
property
Refuse Materials by Kind Composition and
Sources
Kind Composition Sources
Industrial waste Food processing Factories, power
wastes, boiler house plants
cinders, lumber
scraps, shavings
Demolition wastes Lumber, pipes, bricks, Demolition sites to be
masonry and other used for new
construction materials buildings, renewal
from razed buildings projects, expressway
and other structures
Construction Waste Scrap lumber, pipes New construction,
other construction remodeling
materials
Refuse Materials by Kind Composition and
Sources
Kind Composition Sources
Special Waste Hazardous solids and Household hostels,
liquids: explosives, hospitals, institutions,
pathological wastes, stores, industry
radioactive materials,
batteries
Sewage treatment Solid from coarse Sewage treatment
residue screening and from plants, septic tanks
grit chambers, septic
tank sludge
Solid waste Management
 Control of generation
 Storage collection
 Transfer and transport
 Processing
 Disposal of solid waste
Solid Waste
 Compostable
 Recycables
 Non- recycable and non
compostable
 Special waste hazardous

household waste
RA No. 9003
 There are many ways to do
solid waste management. A
highly recommended formula
is to adopt the 3rs of
ecological waste management:
REDUCE, REUSE AND RECYCLE.
ACTIVITY 12:
 Left over food Kinds of refuse Examples
 Empty bottle Rubbish
 Dead dog Sewage treatment
 Residue from fires residue
 Metal scraps Business waste
 Construction Abandoned
materials automobile
 Cigarette butts Incinerator
 Unwanted cars Residue
 Dead batteries Garbage
 Septic tank Dead Animals
Street sweepings
ACTIVITY 12: ANSWERS
Kinds of refuse Examples
Rubbish Empty bottle
Sewage treatment residue Septic tank
Business waste Metal scraps
Abandoned automobile Unwanted cars

Incinerator Residue Residue from fires

Garbage Left over food
Dead Animals Dead dog
Street sweepings Cigarette butts
Special waste Dead batteries
Demolition Waste Construction materials
Lesson 3: Environmental Problems in
the Philippines
DEFORESTATION
 It refers to the
destruction of big
areas of the forests.
 The Philippines is one

of the countries with

the fastest loss of
forest cover around
the world.
Flash Flood
 It is a sudden flood of great volume,
usually caused by a heavy rain
ILLEGAL MINING
 It is defined as extraction
of valuable minerals or
other geological materials
from the earth from an ore
body, lode, vein, seam, or
reef, which forms
mineralized package of
economic interest to the
miner in the absence of
land rights, mining license,
exploration or mineral
transportation permit.
MINING ACT OF 1995
 It aims to help the domestic mining industry
regain its competitiveness by allowing
companies (contractors) obtain an
exploration permit for a specific area for up
to four years
SOIL EROSION
 It happens when soil and rock moved from
one place to another by wind, water and
gravity.
Causes of Soil Erosion
 Deforestation
 Building of roads
 Agriculture
 Urbanization
 Mining
 From Oil tankers w/ equipment faults
 Nature and human activities
 Water sports
 Drilling works
CORAL REEF DEGRADATION
 It is a significant problem throughout the
world. It has been acknowledged that 27% of
the world’s reefs have been affected.
 11% completely lost, 16% damaged
(Gardner2003)
Coral Reefs
These are diverse underwater ecosystems
built from carbonate secreted by corals.
Coral reef Category

Category Cover
Category 1: Poor >0-10% coral cover
Category 2: Fair >11-30% coral cover
Category 3: Good >31-50% coral cover
Category 4: Very Good >51-75% coral cover
Category 5: Excellent >76-100% coral cover
POLLUTION
 It refers to any alteration of the physical, chemical and
biological properties of water, air and/or land resources

Air Pollution-Alteration of physical, chemical and

biological properties of atmospheric air
Water Pollution-Alteration of various properties on
the body of water resulting in the impairment of its
purity and quality.
Noise Pollution- Excessive sound that may cause
hearing loss, stress, fatigue, irritability, tension,
headaches, and high blood pressure.
Soil Pollution- caused by chemicals, pesticides, such
as poisons that are used to kill agricultural pests or
herbicides that are used to get rid of weeds.
QUIZ 1: HEALTH
I. Identification

_________________1. It is a kind of
refuse that includes left over,
vegetables, fruits, and other
food from the households,
establishments, restaurants and
stores.
________________2. A
republic act which
highly recommends
the use of 3R’s in solid
waste management
______________3. there are
two kinds of rubbish, what
do you call those materials
which can be burned?
______________4. there are
two kinds of rubbish, what
do you call those materials
which cannot be burned?
____________5. It is defined
as extraction of valuable
minerals or other
geological materials from
the earth
____________6. It is a
sudden flood of great
volume, usually
caused by a heavy rain
_____________7. It refers
to the destruction of
big areas of the
forests.
_______________8. How many
percent of our coral reefs in
the Philippines has been
acknowledge as a
significant problem of coral
reef degradation?
______________9. It refers to
any alteration of the
physical, chemical and
biological properties of
water, air and/or land
resources
________________10. It
happens when soil and
rock moved from one
place to another by wind,
water and gravity
II. Enumeration
1-7. Enumerate the
perennial community
problems
8-10. enumerate the 3R’s