AIRWAY

MANAGMENT
PRESENTED BY: laiba hashmi,
Azbah Haider
PRESENTED TO: Dr. khansa
 ANATOMY OF AIRWAY
UPPER AIRWAY LOWER AIRWAY
 Pharynx  Trachea
 Epiglottis  Bronchi
 Glottis  Alveoli
 Vocal cords  Lungs tissue(consisting of lobes and
lobules( 3 on the right side and 2 on the
 larynx
left)
 AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
 Obstruction of the airway is a
medical emergency
 It may be partial or complete and
may occur at any level of the
respiratory tract
 If untreated airway obstruction
leads to a lowered blood oxygen
tension and risk of hypoxia damage
to brain, kidneys and heart or even
death.
 CAUSES OF AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION
 Vomit
 Trauma
 Foreign Body
 Regurgitation of stomach content
 Decreased muscle tone
 Inflammation
 Asthma
 Chronic bronchitis
 RECOGNITION OF
OBSTRUCTION
 Inspiratory stridor–upper airway
problem
 Expiratory wheeze-lower airway
problem
 Complete obstruction-paradoxical
movement( see-saw respiration)
 Central cyanosis is a late sign of
airway obstruction
RECOGNITION OF
OBSTRUCTION
 Look – for chest and abdominal
movement
 Listen – for airflow at mouth and nose
and absence of breath sounds
 Feel – for airflow against cheek
 RECOGNITION OF
OBSTRUCTION
 In complete upper airway obstruction
there are no breath sounds at the mouth or
nose
 In partial obstruction, air entry is
diminished and often noisy.
 Gurgling suggest the presence of liquid
in the mouth or upper airway
 Snoring occur when the pharynx is
partially obstructed by the tongue
 MANAGEMENT OF AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION
 In the majority cases the use of simple methods is all that is required to open
the airway, such as
 Suction to remove secretion
 Head tilt-chin lift maneuver
 Insertion of an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway
 SUCTION
 The patient airway must be kept clear of
foreign materials , blood , vomitus and
other secretion.
 Material that are allowed to remain in the
airway may be forced into the trachea and
eventually into the lungs
 This cause complication ranging from
severe pneumonia to complete airway
obstruction
 SUCTION
 Suctioning is the method of using a
vacuum device to remove such materials
 Suction should not be used for longer than
15 seconds at a time
 A patient needs to be suctioned
immediately whenever a gurgling sound is
heard whether before, during or after
artificial ventilation
 The most popular type of suction catheter
is the rigid pharyngeal tip known as
“Yankauer”
 HEAD TILT - CHIN LIFT
 Head tilt stretches anterior neck
muscles, lift tongue away from
posterior pharyngeal wall and
epiglottis away from the laryngeal
inlet
 Chin lift stretches structure more
and pulls mandible and tongue
forward
 If neck injury suspected, do not tilt
the head.
 JAW THRUST
 An alternate to head tilt chin lift
 Technique of choice where there is a
strong suspicion of cervical spine
injury(RTA, fall )
 Place finger posterior to the mandible of
jaw and apply upward and forward
pressure
 Hold mouth slightly open using thumbs to
displace chin inferiorly
 CHOKING
Person is awake
 Make a fist
 Place if above the person’s belly
button well below the rib cage
 Pull sharply inward and upward
 Continue until the food comes out
or person can breathe
PERSON STOP RESPONDING
 Open the mouth, if the food is
there, take it out, if food is not
visible , tilt the person’s head back
 Pinch the person nose. Place your
mouth over the person’s mouth and
gave two breathe
 Push hard repeatedly in chest
center . Check breathing. Repeat
from start
OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
 ADVANCE AIRWAY
DEVICES