BUSINESS LETTER

Muhammad Yalzamul Insan, BIFB(HONS)., M.Si

• The Past Perfect
• This past perfect tense is another really useful structure to introduce
to the language you use. It’s fairly easy to create and has the same
form for all the subjects, like the simple past. As with the past
continuous, the past perfect is almost always used in combination
with another past tense, usually the simple past.
Formula The Past Perfect Tense
• (+) Subject + had + Verb 3 + Object
• (-) Subject + had + not + Verb 3 + Object
• (?) Had + Subject + Verb 3 + Object + ?
• How to form the past perfect
• We form the past perfect by using ‘had’ and the past participle of the
verb. For example,
• “You had met him before.”
• To make questions we invert the auxiliary verb had and the subject:
• “Had you met him before?”
• And to make negative forms we add ‘not’ to ‘had’:
• “You hadn’t met him before.”
• Here is a table with a complete set of examples:
• When to use the Past Perfect
• We use the past perfect to refer to something that happened more in the past
than something else. For this reason it’s almost always used with another phrase
in the simple past. For example,
• Bob was exhausted. He had worked hard all day.It’s common to use the following
adverbs with the past perfect like already, just, never, previously. These are
positioned between had and the past participle. We can also use yet with the
past perfect, and put it at the end of the sentence. Here are some examples.
• When Miguel arrived, the party had already started.
• The kids were really excited about visiting the fun park. They’d never been before.
• I didn’t go to see the film with my friends because I’d already seen it
How to write an abstract
• An abstract is a short summary of a longer work (such as a dissertation or research paper).
The abstract concisely reports the aims and outcomes of your research so that readers know
exactly what the paper is about.
• Write the abstract at the very end, when you’ve completed the rest of the text. There are
four things you need to include:
• Your research problem and objectives
• Your methods
• Your key results or arguments
• Your conclusion
• An abstract is usually around 150–300 words, but there’s often a strict word limit, so make
sure to check the requirements of the university or journal.
• In a dissertation or thesis, include the abstract on a separate page, after the title page and
acknowledgements but before the table of contents.
Aims
• Start by clearly defining the purpose of your research. You can include some
brief context on the social or academic relevance of your topic, but don’t go
into detailed background information.
• After identifying the problem, state the objective of your research. Use verbs
like investigate, test, analyze or evaluate to describe exactly what you set
out to do.
• This part of the abstract can be written in the present or past simple tense,
but should never refer to the future, as the research is already complete.
• For Example
• This study investigates the relationship between coffee consumption
and productivity.
Methods
• Next, indicate the research methods that you used to answer your
question. This part should be a straightforward description of what
you did in one or two sentences. It is usually written in the past
simple tense as it refers to completed actions.
• For Example
• Structured interviews were conducted with 25 participants.
Results

• Next, summarize the main research results. This part of the abstract
can be in the present or past simple tense.
• For Example
• Our analysis shows a strong correlation between coffee consumption
and productivity.
• Our analysis showed a strong correlation between coffee
consumption and productivity.
Conclusion
• Finally, state the main conclusions of your research: what is your
answer to the problem or question? The reader should finish with a
clear understanding of the central point that your research has
proved or argued. Conclusions are usually written in the present
simple tense.
• We conclude that coffee consumption increases productivity.
• One of the objective of a hospital’s operational activities is to optimize the quality of services that is highly influenced by the
performance of nurses. Therefore, in order to maintain and improve service quality, management undertakes periodic
evaluation of the effectiveness and performance of nurses. The performance of nurses is one of the key success factors of the
nurses’ work as it can trigger the nurses to actively participate in the activities of nursing. Health nursing services at the
hospital is one of the essential services and goal - oriented focus on the application of quality nursing care. Direct factors that
relate to the performance of the nurses are the level of work to family conflict, the amount of compensation, and work
motivation. This study aims to identify and analyze the impact of work to family conflict and compensation to employee
performance of ABC General Hospital as well as the impact of work to family conflict and compensation to employee
performance with work motivation as a moderating variable in ABC General Hospital.
• The method used in this research is purposive sampling. This type of research is quantitative descriptive, and the nature is
decriptive. The data collection methods used is conducted by interviewing, distributing questionnaire and documentation
study. The population is the nurses of ABC General Hospital totaled of 54 people. The amount of samples, based on the
criteria of a nurse of ABC Hospital and were married, is 43 people. An interval scale is used as the measurement scale while
the technique of analysis used is the multiple linear regression analysis using residual test and interaction test on moderating
variables.
• The results the first hypothesis suggests that by partial, work to family conflict have a negative and significant effect on the
performance of nurses. The second hypothesis suggests that by partial, compensation have a positive and significant effect on
the performance of nurses. The third hypothesis suggests that simultaneously, work to family conflict and compensation have
a significant effect on the performance of nurses. The fourth hypothesis suggests that work motivation variable is not
significant in moderating the impact of work to family conflict and compensation to the performance of nurses.