Engineering Electromagnetics

What is Electromagnetics?

Electric field
Produced by the presence of
electrically charged particles,
and gives rise to the electric
force.

Magnetic field
Produced by the motion of
electric charges, or electric
current, and gives rise to the
magnetic force associated
with magnets.

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 Engineering Electromagnetics

Electromagnetic Wave Spectrum

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 Engineering Electromagnetics

Why do we learn Engineering Electromagnetics

 Electric and magnetic field exist nearly everywhere.

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 Engineering Electromagnetics

Applications
 Electromagnetic principles find application in various disciplines
such as microwaves, x-rays, antennas, electric machines,
plasmas, etc.

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 Engineering Electromagnetics

Applications
 Electromagnetic fields are used in induction heaters for melting,
forging, annealing, surface hardening, and soldering operation.
 Electromagnetic devices include transformers, radio, television,
mobile phones, radars, lasers, etc.

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 Engineering Electromagnetics

Applications

Transrapid Train

• A magnetic traveling field moves the

vehicle without contact.
• The speed can be continuously
regulated by varying the frequency
of the alternating current.

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 Chapter 1 Vector Analysis

Scalars and Vectors

 Scalar refers to a quantity whose value may be represented by
a single (positive or negative) real number.
 Some examples include distance, temperature, mass, density,
pressure, volume, and time.

 A vector quantity has both a magnitude and a direction in

space. We especially concerned with two- and three-
dimensional spaces only.
 Displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force are examples of
vectors.

• Scalar notation: A or A (italic or plain)

→
• Vector notation: A or A (bold or plain with arrow)

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 Chapter 1 Vector Analysis

Vector Algebra

AB BA

A  (B + C)  ( A  B) + C

A  B  A  ( B )
A 1
 A
n n
AB  0  A  B

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 Chapter 1 Vector Analysis

Rectangular Coordinate System

• Differential surface units:
dx  dy
dy  dz
dx  dz
• Differential volume unit :
dx  dy  dz

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 Chapter 1 Vector Analysis

Vector Components and Unit Vectors

R PQ ?

r  xyz
r  xa x  ya y  za z
a x , a y , a z : unit vectors
R PQ  rQ  rP
 (2a x  2a y  a z )  (1a x  2a y  3a z )
 a x  4a y  2a z

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 Chapter 1 Vector Analysis

Vector Components and Unit Vectors

 For any vector B, B  Bxa x  By a y + Bz a z :

B  Bx2  By2  Bz2  B Magnitude of B

B B
aB   Unit vector in the direction of B
Bx  By  Bz
2 2 2 B

 Example
Given points M(–1,2,1) and N(3,–3,0), find RMN and aMN.
R MN  (3a x  3a y  0a z )  (1a x  2a y  1a z )  4a x  5a y  a z
R MN 4a x  5a y  1a z
a MN    0.617a x  0.772a y  0.154a z
R MN 4  (5)  (1)
2 2 2

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