INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT

Nathaniel Philip R. Buizing, RCrim

Why we need to study ISM?

- PNP takes responsibilities in the supervision, control and

training and operation of security agencies and in the
issuance of license to operate and the license to practice
security profession.
 SECURITY
• Defined as the state or quanlity of being secured, freefom
from fear or danger, assurance or certainty. To secure is
to make safe or be protected. State or feeling of safety:
the state or feeling of being safe and protected.
Something giving assurance that the value of things will
not be taken away.
 HAZARDS

- Refers to conditions that may cause damage to property,

injury, or loss of life. It is also defined as “exposure to the
chance of loss or injury. Hazards are may caused either by
nature or by man himself
 TYPES OF SECURITY

1. Physical Security
-It is the broadest branch of security which is concerned
with the physical measures adopted to prevent
unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, materials and
document, and to safeguard them against espionage,
sabotage damage and theft.
 Communication Security
- It is the protection resulting from the application of various
measures that prevent or delay the enemy or unauthorized
persons in gaining information through the communication
system.

Hotel Security
- Protection of assets, guest, personal effects and other
properties in hotels, inn, and other simoilar establishments.
V.I.P. Security
-Protection of foreign dignitaries, visiting persons of
illustrious standing and top-ranking government officials.

Operational Security
-Protection of processes, formulas, patents from infiltration
and espionage.
2. Personnel Security
-Security Involved in the BACKGROUND CHECK of
individuals commensurate with the security requirements of
their work.
3. Document & Information Security
-Security involving the protection of documents and
information contained therein, as well as classified papers
from loss, access by unauthorized persons, damage, theft,
and disclosure.
 TYPES OF HAZARDS
1.Natural Hazards
Floods, typhoons, and other natural calamities.
Fires (if not caused by human action)

2.Man-made Hazards
Pilferage – (theft)
Sabotage – (disruption of operations)
Vandalism – (destruction of property)
Espionage – (spying)
Security Hazard
-Is any act or condition which may result in the compromise
of information, loss of life, loss or destruction of property or
disruption of the objectives of the installation.
Relative Criticality of operation
– importance of the firm with reference to the national
economy and security.

Relative Vulnerability
– susceptibility of the plant or establishment to damage,
loss or disruption of operation due to various hazards.
Pilferage
- one of the most annoying and common man-made
hazards which security must deal with.
 TYPES OF PILFERAGE

1.Casual Pilferer
– steals due to his inability to resist the unexpected
opportunity and has little fear of detection.

2.Systematic Pilferer
– steals with a pre-conceived plan and takes away any or
all types of items for economic gain.
SECURITY MEASURES
Types of Security Measures

PASSIVE MEASURES
– actions that can deter a would-be offender because of
fear of punishment through security education programs.

ACTIVE MEASURES
– involves the use of physical barriers, security lighting,
security cabinets and others.
TYPES OF SECURITY GUARDS
1.Private Security Agency Guards
– belongs to a private security AGENCY.

2.Company Guard Forces or Company Security Forces

– those recruited and employed by the COMPANY.

3.Government Guard Units

– those recruited and employed by the GOVERNMENT.
Color of Uniform
Security Guards

*Navy Blue (Regular Duty)

*White (A special set of uniform shall be prescribed for

security personnel posted at hotels, resorts, banks and
departments store, cultural and entertainment areas and
other sites noted as tourist-heavy areas.)
• Security Officers

1. PSA – Navy Blue

2. Company – Light Gray
3. Government - White
 Duration of Training
1.Basic Security Guard Course (Pre-licensing Training
Course) – minimum of 150 hours

2.Re-training Course – minimum of 48 hours

3.Security Officer Training Course (Pre-licensing Training

Course) – minimum of 300 hours

4.Basic Security Supervisory Course – minimum of 48

hours
• Republic Act 6975 absorbed PCSUSIA to the PNP and
changed it into PNP-CSG SAGSD or the SECURITY
AGENCIES AND GUARD SUPERVISION DIVISION.
Now it was renamed into SOSIA or the SUPERVISORY
OFFICE FOR SECURITY AND INVESTIGATION
AGENCY by virtue of NAPOLCOM Resolution No. 2010-
321
 Relevant Laws
• Republic Act No. 5487 or the “Private Security Agency
Law” was passed into law on June 13, 1969.
• Presidential Decree 11 Oct. 3, 1972 – widened the
coverage of R.A. 5487, it included security guards
employed in agriculture and mining.
• Presidential Decree 100 Jan. 17, 1973 – included
those employed by both local and national government.
 NEW LAW
• Republic Act No. 11917 or the ACT STRENGTHENING
THE REGULATION OF THE PRIVATE SECURITY
SERVICES INDUSTRY, REPEALING FOR THE
PURPOSE, REPUBLIC ACT NO. 5487, ENTITLED “AC
ACT TO REGULATE THE ORGANIZATION AND
OPERATION OF PRIVATE DETECTIVE WATCHMEN OR
SECURITY GUARD AGENCIES”.
PHYSICAL DEFENSES
1.First Line of Defense.
Ex: perimeter fence or guard at the gate.

2.Second Line of Defense.

Ex: doors, walls, windows, roof, and grills.

3.Third Line of Defense.

Ex: steel cabinets, locks, safes, and vaults.
• Barrier
- Any structural or physical device capable of restricting,
delaying, deterring illegal access to an installation.
Restrict – to limit.
Delay – to prolong.
 Deter – to stop.
 General Types of Barriers
1.Natural Barriers – examples are rivers, cliffs, dense
growth or other terrain difficult to overcome.

2.Man Made or Structural Barriers – examples are

fences, walls, grills, doors, screens, or roadblocks.

3.Human Barriers – security guards and employees.

4.Animal Barriers – dogs and geese.

5.Energy Barriers – electronic devices like electric fences.

 PERIMETER BARRIER OR FENCE
• Medium or structure which defines the physical limits or
boundary of an area or installation.

• It is a freestanding structure designed to restrict or

prevent movement across a boundary.
 Types of Perimeter Barriers or Fences

1.Solid Fence
– It is constructed specifically to DENY VISUAL ACCESS.
It denies the intruder the opportunity of being familiar with
the activities of the facility. However, it does the same for
the security personnel.

Example:
MASONRY WALL – 7 feet high with barbed wire and top
guard. (Height is excluding top guard)
2. Full View Fence
– It is constructed specifically to PERMIT VISUAL ACCESS.
It allows the security personnel to observe the
surroundings. However, it also allows the intruders the
same opportunity.

Example:
Wire Fences
CHAIN LINK FENCE
• 7 feet excluding top guard
• 9 gauge or heavier
• mesh opening not larger than 2 inches
• should be twisted and barbed salvage at top and bottom
• must reach within 2 inches on hard ground or paving
• on soft ground, must reach below surface to
compensate for shifting soil.
BARBED WIRE
• 4-point barb spaced at equal distance
• twisted double strand 12-gauge wire
• 7 feet excluding top guard
• firmly affixed to post not more than 6 feet apart
• distance between strands will not exceed 6 inches
• at least 1 wire will interlace vertical and midway
between posts.
CONCERTINA WIRE
• Coiled wire of high strength steel barbed wire clipped
together at intervals to form a cylinder.
• 50 feet long and 3 feet high if opened.
 Additional Protective Barriers

1.Top Guard
– Additional overhang of barbed wire placed on vertical
perimeter fences facing upward and outward with a 45-
degree angle using 3 to 4 strands of barbed wires 6 inches
apart and installed on supporting arms.
2. Guard Control Stations
– manned by guards on a full-time basis placed at the
perimeter entrance.

3. Guard Tower
– structures above the perimeter barriers.

4.Protection in Depth
– warning signs conspicuously placed in large areas.
5. Signs and Notices
– regular control signs usually at the entrance like “No ID
No entry”.

6. Clear Zone
– unobstructed area on both side of the perimeter barrier.
a. between perimeter barrier and exterior structures should
be 20 feet.
b. between structure within the protected area and
perimeter barrier should be 50 feet.
 Protective Locks and Keys
• Lock
– mechanical, electrical, hydraulic device designed to
prevent unauthorized entry.
• Padlock
– portable and detachable lock.
• Peterman
– term used in England for lock pickers, safecrackers, and
penetrators of restricted areas.
Lock and Padlock
1. Warded Locks
– Type of lock that uses a set of obstructions, or wards, to
prevent the lock from opening unless the correct key is
inserted. The correct key has notches or slots
corresponding to the obstructions in the lock, allowing it to
rotate freely inside the lock.
2. Disc Tumbler Locks
– Composed of slotted rotating detainer discs. Unlike a
wafer tumbler lock or a pin tumbler lock, this mechanism
does not use springs. As such, they are better suited for
areas with harsh conditions like outdoor locations.
- It is considered as a high security level lock as it is quite
difficult to pick. When it is picked, it will require a lot of time
using professional tools and mastery of the trade.
3. Wafer Tumbler Lock
- A wafer tumbler lock is a type of lock that uses a set of flat
wafers to prevent the lock from opening unless the correct
key is inserted. This type of lock is like the pin tumbler lock
and works on a similar principle. However, unlike the pin
tumbler lock, where each pin consists of two or more
pieces, each wafer in the lock is a single piece.
4. Pin Tumbler Locks
– The pin tumbler lock (or Yale lock, after lock
manufacturers Yale) is a lock mechanism that uses pins of
varying lengths to prevent the lock from opening without the
correct key.
 KEYS
1. Change Keys – key to a single lock within a master
keyed system.
2. Sub-master Key – a key that will open all lock within a
particular area or grouping.
3. Master Key – a special key capable of opening a series
of locks.
4.Grand Master Key – a key that will open everything in a
system involving two or more master key groups.
 Protective Cabinets

Security Cabinet
– Added protection of important or vital papers, plans, data,
special correspondence, cash, and other essential
documents.

Safe – metallic container for small items and documents.

at least 750 lbs. or anchored
1 inch thick steel
door is at least 1 ½ inch thick steel
Vault
– bigger than a safe but smaller than a file room and is
usually a part of the building.
• vault door is 6 inches thick steel
• walls, ceiling and floor should be reinforced concrete 12
inches thick.
• vault floor should be at least 4 inches higher
• should not be more than 5000 cubic feet
• vault door should be fire resistive up to 6 hours.
File Room
– a cubicle in the building lighter than a vault and bigger in
size.
• 12 feet high
• should not be more than 10,000 cubic feet
• door must be water tight and fire resistive for 1 hour
• supporting structure, walls, floor and roof should be
made fire proof.
Personnel Security
Personnel Security
-Security Involved in the BACKGROUND CHECK of
individuals commensurate with the security requirements of
their work.

P.S.I. or Personnel Security Investigation

– Process of inquiry into the character, reputation,
discretion, integrity, morals and loyalty of an individual to
determine his suitability for appointment or access to
classified matter.
• National Agency Check or NAC – It includes LAC plus
investigation of the records from PNP, NBI, CSC and
other national agencies.

• Local Agency Check or LAC – investigation of the

records of an individual from local sources like the Local
Police, Prosecutor and Barangay.

• B.I. or Background Investigation – check made on an

individual usually seeking employment through the
subject’s record in the police files, educational institutions,
places of residence and previous employer.
 Two Types of B.I.

C.B.I. or Complete Background Investigation

– B.I. that is more comprehensive since it includes places of
residence since birth.

P.B.I. or Partial Background Investigation

– B.I. that is limited only on certain circumstances of a
person’s life.
 DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION SECURITY
• Document Security
– Security involving the protection of documents and
information contained therein, as well as classified papers
from loss, access by unauthorized persons, damage, theft,
and disclosure.
Types of Documents based on its effect in Business
Operations

Class 1 – Vital Documents

- Categorized as irreplaceable documents. These are
records of which reproduction will not have the same value
as the original.

Class 2 – Important Documents

-This includes records the production of which will cost
considerable expense, labor and delay.
Class 3 – Useful Documents
-It includes records whose loss might cause inconvenience
but could be readily replaced.

Class 4 – Non-essential Documents

-These are daily files and are routine in nature even if lost
or destroyed will not affect operations or administration.
1. Protection of vital records from loss or unauthorized
access.

a. Document Security c. Records Security

b. Records Management d. Date Security
2. Any structure or physical device capable of restricting,
deterring, delaying illegal access into installations.

a. Gate c. Barrier
b. Walls d. Perimeter
3. The Private Security Agency Law is known as

a. RA. 5487
b. RA. 5467
c. RA. 5478
d. RA. 5477
4. One is constructed in such a way that visual access
through the fenced structure is denied.

a. Fire Wall c. Plain-View Fence

b. Solid Fence d. Full-View Fence
5. A term used in England for lock pickers, safe crackers
and penetrator of restricted/prohibited areas.

a. Spiderman c. Superman
b. Batman d. Wolverine
e. Peterman
6. It is one of the most annoying and common human
hazards which security must deal with.

a. Theft c. Pilferage
b. Hazard d. Sabotage
7. The acronym PADPAO means what?

a. Philippine Association of Private Detective Agencies

Organization
b. Philippine Association of Detective and Protective
Agency Operators
c. Private Association of Detectives and Protection Agency
Organization
d. Private Agency of Detectives and Protective Association
Operators
8. A key that will open everything in a system involving two
or more master key groups.

a. Change Key c. Sub-Master Key

b. Master Key d. Grand Master Key
9. This is a portable and detachable lock.

a. Disc Tumbler Lock c. Warded Lock

b. Padlock d. Lock
10. A type of lock usually used in the automobile industry for
car doors.

a. Card Operated c. Disc Tumbler Lock

b. Warded Lock d. Coded Lock