中联重科中挖液压系统

Zoomlion Medium Excavator Hydraulic

System

Editor:LIU JIANWEI
 1 、中联液压系统控制特点
Features of the hydraulic system
2 、主泵变量调节原理
Pump variable control

3 、先导阀控制功能
Function of polit valve
4 、主阀控制功能
Function of Main valve
液压系统课件结构
5 、行走机构液压原理
Contents of this couse Travel system
6 、回转机构液压原理
Rotary system
7 、其他
Others
中联挖掘机液压系统简图
Hydraulic System diagram
 油缸
作业原理 : Cylinder
Operation principle:

发动机
Engine 主泵 主阀 Main valve
Main pump
回转马达
Slewing motor

行走马达
Running motor

液压油箱
燃油箱 先导阀
Hydraulic oil tank
Fuel tank Pilot valve
一、中联挖掘机液压系统特点：川崎双泵双回路负流量交
叉恒功率控制系统
Features of Product ： Zoomlion medium excavator hydraulic system is a double-

pump, double-circuit negative flow alternate constant power control hydraulic system

双泵：顾名思义就是两个泵供给系统用油。
Double-pump :We use double-pump to supply the oil
 后柱塞泵 调节器
Rear piston pump Regulator

前柱塞泵
Front piston pump

后泵负流量 pf2
Negative flow of front pump
比例电磁阀
pf2
Proportional Solenoid
Valve

前泵负流 pf1 冲击泄压油管

Negative flow of front pump Impact release oil pipe
pf1
双回路：是指主阀分为左右两个部分，左阀用油由前泵提供，右阀用油由后泵提
供，左右两片阀分别形成单独的回路。

Double-circuit :The main valve in composed of two parts, front pump supply oil to
the left part and the right part is supplied by rear pump. Both parts are independent.
负流量：根据先导操纵压力的变化，在主回油路上取到一个压力到泵的调节器，
当先导压力增大时，回油减少，到达主泵控制器的压力降低，斜盘倾角增大，泵
排量减少。反之也然
Negative Flow Control ： The inclination angle of main pump (outlet oil flow) can be
regulated at will through the changes of pilot pressure.When the regulator is used for
negative flow control,the pilot pressure increases and the outlet oil volume decreases ，
vice versa 。
注意：由于负流量压力传感是在主阀中位回油末端节流阀前端采集的，但操纵先
导阀后，主阀阀芯移动，中位回油关闭，所以只有操纵杆在中位时负流量控制发
挥作用，当操纵杆离开中位，负流量控制失去作用。

Attention ： The inclination angle of main pump (outlet oil flow) can be regulated at
will through the changes of pilot pressure ， When the regulator is used for negative
flow control, the pilot pressure increases and the outlet oil volume decreases ， vice
versa 。
交叉控制：泵的调节不但受本泵压力的影响，还受邻泵的影响，已达到两泵协同
动作的目的。
Alternate control ： as the regulator is affected by the basic pump pressure as well
as the opposite pump pressure, the inclination angles of swash plates of the front and
rear pumps are the same and their displacement are also the same .

恒功率：当发动机档位确定时，发动机的输出功率是恒定的。当一个泵负载较轻
时，对泵可以自动吸收该泵过剩的功率，以最大限度的利用发动机的输出功率。
Constant control: the regulator automatically reduces the inclination angle of main
pump (outlet oil flow) to limit the output torque to a certain value .
二、主泵变量控制 Pump variable control
主泵变量主要受四个因素影响：本泵控制、相邻泵控制、负反馈控制、比例电磁
阀控制。如下图所示（以前泵为例说明）：
Pump variable affected by 4 factor:self control, the opposite pump control, negative
flow ontrol and the proportional pressure reduction valve
本泵控制：图中红线所示，泵出来的油液有一路经过单向阀进入调节油缸的小腔，
同时这一路油继续流动从后面推动换向阀的阀芯，当这个压力能够克服换向阀的
弹簧力的时候，阀芯右移，油液进入变量油缸大腔，变量油缸伸出，斜盘倾角减
小，泵流量减小；当这个压力小于弹簧力的时候，阀芯左移，小腔的油直接回油
箱，斜盘倾角增大，泵流量增大，当这个压力跟弹簧力正好相等时，阀芯处于中
位，斜盘不变量。
Self control:as the red line in the diagram.

相邻泵控制：如图中绿线所示，相邻的泵也有一根油液是接到换向阀的，这根油
液的压力也跟换向阀的弹簧比力气。
the opposite pump control :as the green line in the diagram
负反馈控制：如图中黄线所示，当主回油路中有油液流动时，主回油路上取出的
FL 进入油泵的 pf1 口，推动换向阀向左移动，斜盘倾角减小。
negative flow yontrol :As the ellow line in the diagram

比例电磁阀控制：如图中蓝线所示，当比例电磁阀打开时，由先导阀 M1 上取出
的油液 Psv 经过比例电磁阀流到换向阀，当克服换向阀的弹簧力时，换向阀左移，
减小斜盘倾角，减小泵的排量。

the proportional pressure reduction valve :

as the blue line in the diagram
三、先导控制阀功能 Function of Pilot Integrated Block
先导阀的外观和内部原理分别如下面两张图片所示。主要由带旁通阀的先导滤芯、蓄能器及电磁阀组成。
电磁阀主要有安全锁、行走高低速切换、瞬时增力、斗杆半流、动臂优先的控制。
The pilot integrated valve unit is composed of pilot filter ,accumulator , solenoid
valve.The solenoid is contains Pilot safety lock solenoid valve, High-pressure low-speed
travel solenoid valve, Instantaneous power solenoid valve, Bucket rod semi-flow solenoid

valve,Boom priority solenoid valve .

下面分别分析一下这几个挖机特有的控制方式。
Explain this special control mode
1 、安全锁：一个打开或关闭先导控制的锁，好比一个闸门在先导油路前面，此阀不开，后
面的先导操作油路无油液流动，因此当先导安全锁没有打开时，整车没有任何液压动作。
1 ， Pilot safety lock solenoid valve ： open or shut the pilot lock,if the
solenoid valve is out of electricity,no pilot oil supply.
2 、高低速行驶切换：在显示屏上面可以切换行走是高速还是低速。当设置为高速时，该电
磁阀打开，先导油经过行走高速口进入行走马达，以实现行走马达的高速切换。
2, High-pressure low-speed travel solenoid valve: When the High-pressure low-
speed travel solenoid is set ted to the high position on the monitor, the High-
pressure low-speed travel solenoid valve is opened, travel motor travelling in
high speed.
3 、瞬时增力：如下面第一幅图所示，其中有一个梭阀，当操作右手柄开关或行走动作时建
立压力一般右手柄的增力按钮按下以后增力效果持续 8 秒，连续按下需间隔 3 秒。

Instantaneous power solenoid valve : Safety valve power oil port, establish
pressure when operating the right handle switch or during the travelling motion
. and This function can be operated with a pause in between of 3s .
4 、斗杆半流：如下图所示，在进行斗杆挖掘操作时，先导操纵油 XAa2 经过安装在先导集成阀组上常开
的斗杆半流电磁阀流向右阀体滑阀 2 ；当选择 L 工作模式时，斗杆半流电磁阀上电关闭，流向右阀体滑
阀 2 的先导操纵油 XAa2 被截断，滑阀 2 不动作，仅操纵安装在左阀体上的滑阀 1 动作，从而在平整作
业时实现单泵供油，达到节能的目的。 L 模式就是斗杆进行挖掘动作时前泵供油的斗杆半流模式。在选
择 L 工作模式时，斗杆卸料不半流。
4, Bucket rod semi-flow :During the bucket rod excavation operation, the pilot operating
oil XAa2 flows to the slide valve 2 on the right valve body through the normally open
bucket rod semi-flow solenoid valve installed on the pilot integrated valve unit; when L
working mode is selected, the bucket rod semi-flow solenoid valve is energized and closed,
the pilot operating oil XAa2 flowing to the slide valve 2 on the right valve body is cut
off, the slide valve 2 doesn’t act, only the slide valve 1 installed on the left valve
body is operated and acts, thus, single pump oil supply is achieved during flattening
operation to save the energy . L mode is the bucket rod semi-flow mode in which the front
pump provides the oil during bucket rod excavation. When L working mode is selected, semi-
flow doesn’t apply to bucket rod unloading.
5 、动臂优先：如下图所示，动臂优先是动臂相对于回转优先。当设置动臂优先功能时，安装在先导集
成阀组上的动臂优先电磁阀上电，常闭的动臂优先电磁阀接通，使流向 XAb2 合流先导操纵油同时流向
设在回转工作油口的滑阀 pns ，推动滑阀换位，回转进油节流；从而达到使更多的工作油流向动臂油缸
大腔，加快动臂提升速度的目的。
5, valve,Boom priority : the priority of boom lifting to excavation when the boom lifting
and rotary motions are simultaneous. when the boom priority function is set, the boom
priority solenoid valve installed on pilot integrated valve unit is energized and the
normally closed boom priority solenoid valve is connected to allow the confluence pilot
operating oil flowing to XAb2 to flow to the slide valve pns at the rotation working oil
port at the same time, in order to push the slide valve to change its position and achieve
the rotation intake oil throttling; so as to allow more working oil to flow to the big
chamber of boom cylinder to increase the boom lifting speed
四、主阀部分 Main valve
如下图中前泵后泵出来的液压油分别经过 P1 和 P2 口进入主阀的左阀块和右阀块， R2 口为主阀的泄油
口， R1 接到回转马达的泄油口。 The pressure oil P1 produced by front pump enters the main
valve through the straight travel valve oil intake port PI to provide oil to the left
valve; the pressure oil P2 produced by rear pump enters the main valve through the right
oil intake port P2 to provide oil to the right valve.
 主阀简介
主阀简介
Brief
Brief Introduction
Introduction to
to The
The Main
Main Vavle
Vavle
主阀是整个挖机控制系统的核心，代表了当今液压控制技术的最高水平。主阀，又称多路阀，它是由很多片滑阀并
联组成的。它能对整个液压系统的高压工作油进行逻辑分配，并对工作油的方向和压力进行控制，同时还能与主泵
一起对工作油流量进行协同控制，从而实现动臂、斗杆、铲斗、回转马达以及行走马达等工作装置的方向、力量和
速度等的控制，使整个挖机动作协调、工作高效、节能。

Main vavle plays a key role in the control system of excavator,and represents the highest level
in fluid control technology. In essence ,Excavator main vavle is a mutiple unit vavle,which is
composed of several parallelly connected spools.It can distribute the high-pressure work oil of
the whole system logically,it can also control the fluid pressure and direction,meanwhile, it is
soundly possible as well for the main vavle to regulate the flow in the circuit with the
cooperation of main pump.and these control will make the direction,working force,and speed of all
the work epuipment ,like boom,arm,bucket,swivel motor and travel motor ,managable,.and make the
whole machine works harmoniously,effectively and powerfrugally.
 主阀的主要功能
主阀的主要功能
Primary
Primary Functions
Functions of
of Main
Main Vavle
Vavle

Zoomlion Medium Excavator use KAWASAKI KMX15

我司中型挖掘机选用川崎 KMX15 序列主阀，此序列
series main vavle,this vavle has vary control
主阀具备多种控制功能，使得我们的挖机更高效、
fuctions,which make our excavator more
节能。具体而言，我司中型挖机主阀主要具备以下
efficiency and energysaving.Particularly,this
功能：
vavle has fuctions as follows:
1 ） Negative flow control
1 ）负流量功率控制；

2 ） Confluence ；
2 ）合流功能；
3 ） Arm cylinder halve flow ；
3 ）斗杆半流功能 ；

4 ） Boom priorotiy ；
4 ）动臂优先功能；
5 ） Swing priority ；
5 ）回转优先功能；

6 ） Straight travelling ；
6 ）直线行走功能；
7 ） Arm cylinder rodless chamber scavenge
7 ）斗杆再生功能；
在主阀中位回油通道安装的节流阀前端采集中位回油压力传感，传送至
主泵压力调节器，用来调节主泵斜盘倾角，达到改变主泵排量的目的。
当主阀阀芯位于中位时，回油量最大，由于节流阀的节流作用，采集到
的压力传感信号就会越强，主泵斜盘倾角越小，排量越小，主泵的输出
功率越小，从而达到在无操作时节能的目的。我们把这种成反比的功率
控制策略叫负流量功率控制。
There is a throttle vavle in the neutral scavenge oil
channel,which can generate a pressure in the neutral scavenge
oil channel, and this pressure can act as a feed on the main
pump regulator, according to which the swashplate angle of the
main pump can be regulated and as a result,the displacement of
the main pump changed as the feed strength change.when all the
spool of the main vavle is in its neutral position,there will
be more oil return to the oil tank,with the throttle effect of
the throttle vavle,a stronger feed will be sensed by the main
pump regulator.The stronger feed act on the swashplate is ,the
smaller swashplate angle ,pump displacement and power output
will be ,and some energy is saved.we call such inversely

proportional power control strategy negative flow

control.
 合流功能
合流功能
Confluence
Confluence Function
Function
合流是在操作控制手柄某一动作时，先导油一分为二，同时作用于主阀
左、右阀体上两根滑阀阀杆上，使之联动，将前、后泵压力油合流共同
向某一工作油缸供油，从而达到加快该油缸工作速度，提高工作效率的
目的 .KMX15 序列主阀主要具备三种合流功能，一种是动臂提升合流，另
一种是斗杆挖掘、卸料合流，还有一种是铲斗挖掘合流；右边仅以动臂
提升合流的工作原理作为讲解范例。
Confluence is a procedure like this,when the hand vavle was
actuated to carry out a specific move,the pilot oil will be
diverged into two prong to act on two different spool,which
were seperately fixed in the left and right section of the main
vavle, this two spool vavle will let work oil from front pump
and rear pump conflux after they get out through the spools,and
feed them to the corresponding cylinder,the confluxed work oil
will make the cylinder move faster,and increase work
efficiency.The KMX15 serie main vavle mainly has three kinds
of confluence fuction,one is arm excavating and dumping
confluence ,another is boom raising confluence,and the third
one is bucket excavating confluence.Here we just take the boom
raising confluence ,of which working princeple was showed on
the left picture,as an example for elaboration.
 斗杆半流功能
斗杆半流功能
Arm
Arm Cylinder
Cylinder Halve
Halve Flow
Flow
在非 L 模式挖掘作业过程中，先导操纵油 XAa2 经过安装在先导集成
阀组上常开的斗杆半流电磁阀流向右阀体滑阀 2 ；当选择 L 工作模式，
斗杆半流电磁阀得电，流向滑阀 2 的先导操纵油将被截断，滑阀 2 不
动作，扳动斗杆操纵手柄时，只有安装在左阀体上的滑阀 1 动作，从
而在平整作业时实现单泵供油，达到节能的目的。另外，需要注意的
是， L 模式下，仅在挖掘动作时斗杆半流，卸料时不半流。
In excavating procedures under all working mode except for L
mode,pilot oil XAa2 will go through the arm cylinder halve
flow solenoid vavle,which is one of the vavle units in the
pilot vavle assembly,to arm spool 2.But when you change
into L mode,the arm cylinder halve flow solenoid vavle will
be elctrified,the way for the pilot oil to go to arm spool 2
will be blocked.so, at this time,if you operate the arm
control lever,only spool one will move and only the rear
pump will provide work oil to arm cylinder,this will make
the machine energy-frugally.What’s more,please note ,under
L mode,the flow goes to arm cylinder will be halved only
whenexcavating,but it will never be halved in an arm
dumping move.
 动臂优先功能
动臂优先功能
Boom
Boom Priority
Priority
动臂优先功能是指在动臂提升，回转同时动作时，动臂提升相对
于回转的优先。当设置动作优先功能时，安装在先导集成阀组上
的动臂优先电磁阀上电，常闭的动臂优先电磁阀接通，使流向
XAb2 合流先导操纵油同时流向设在回转油口的动臂优先滑阀 pns,
推动滑阀换位，回转进油节流；从而达到使更多的工作油流向动
臂油缸大腔，加快动臂提升速度的目的。
Boom priority means that ,boom lifting has a priority
when the excavator raising the boom and swing at the same
time.when the operator actuate boom priority fuction,the
boom priority solenoid vavle will be electrified,the
normally blocked boom priority spool will alter to
deoppelant,then pilot oil will go through the priority
solenoid vavle and flow to the top of the boom
priority spool vavle pns,force the boom priority spool
change its pisition.and let it throttle down the oil flow
to swing moter,distribute more work oil to boom cylinder
rodless chamber,so that it will increase speed of boom
lifting.
 回转优先功能
回转优先功能
Swing
Swing Priority
Priority
当回转和斗杆挖掘同时动作时，从先导泵来的先导油经
推开左操纵手阀中的梭阀，作用于回转优先阀右端，使
回转优先阀阀芯左移，对前泵供往斗杆油缸的油液进行
节流，同时斗杆 1 阀芯被安装在异形阀盖内的小滑阀限
位，不能全开，增强斗杆油缸的节流作用，从而使更多
的油液供给回转，从而达到提高回转速度，减少辅助时
间，提高作业效率的目的。
When swing and arm excavation are actuated at
the same time,pilot oil from pilot pump will
gore the shuttle vavle in left hand
vavle ， and act on the right side of swing
priority vavle,pust it to left.and then oil
provided to arm cylinder will be throttled
down.At the same time the travel of arm spool 1
will be limitted ,that’s to say,the access to
arm cylinder won’t be fully opened ,and
strengthen the effect of arm work oil
throttling,more oil will be provided to swing
motor,which will make the swing motor rotate
faster,and reduce the non-cutting time.
在斗杆 1 上安装了一个与其他阀盖不一样的盖子，有两个先导进油口（ XAas 、 XBa1) 其中 XBa1 来自先导卸料操
纵， XAas 来自回转先导梭阀，为了提高回转与斗杆挖掘同时工作时回转的速度，安装在异形阀盖内的小滑阀被来自回转
先导梭阀的 XAas 先导油推动向下移动，当同时操作斗杆挖掘动作，先导 XAa1 来油推动主阀杆上移时，主阀杆被安装在异
形阀盖内的小滑阀限位，主阀杆进油开度减小，进油量减少，从而使更多的工作油流向回转马达，加快了回转速度，提高
了回转效率。
The cover installed on bucket rod 1 is different from other valve covers, it has two pilot oil intake
ports (XAas, XBa1); XBa1 is from the pilot unloading operation, XAas is from the rotation pilot shuttle
valve, in order to increase the rotary speed when the rotation and bucket rod excavation are simultaneous,
the small slide valve installed in the shape valve cover is pushed by the XAas pilot oil from the rotation
pilot shuttle valve and moves downwards; when the bucket rod excavation motion is operated and the main
valve stem is pushed by the pilot XAa1 incoming oil and moves upwards, the main valve stem is position-
limited by the small slide valve installed in the shape valve cover, the intake oil opening degree of main
valve stem reduces and the intake oil volume reduces, allowing more working oil to flow to the rotary
motor, so as to increase the rotary speed and improve the rotation efficiency.
 直线行走功能
直线行走功能
Straight
Straight Travelling
Travelling
一般情况下，前、后泵分别给左、右行走马达供油，同时也都为其他上车工作装置供油，当同时
做上装动作和左、右行走时，就会出现左右行走马达所获得的流量不一致，从而速度也不一样，
无法直线行走。为了避免这种情况发生，在主阀内部，我们设置了一个直线行走阀，它可以在同
时做上装动作和左、右行走时，通过改变前、后泵的供油关系来使得左、右行走马达在这种情况
下依然能获得同等的流量，从而实现直线行走。
Normally,the front and rear pump provide oil to left and right travel motor
respectively.and they both provide oil to upper work equipment too.So, when
left,right travel motor and any of the upper work equipment were actuated at the
same time,the two travel motor won’t get equal flow ,and cannot go straight,because
the two motor has a different speed.For fear of this situation happens,we fixed a
straight travelling valve in the main vavle assembly,the straight travelling vavle
can re-match relations of oil feed of the two pumps when the three actions metioned
above were done at the same time,and make sure both two travel motors gain the same
volume of oil every moment,so that the machine can travel straight.
 直线行走功能
直线行走功能
Straight
Straight Travelling
Travelling
在直线行走阀的左端，也就是 PG 口，从先导阀组上引入
了一路先导油作为直线行走阀切换的信号油，它分别可以
经过左行走阀芯的中位、右行走阀芯的中位以及上装各阀
芯的中位通道三条途径回油（如图），只要这三条通道中
的任何一条打开， PG 口的信号油直接回油箱， PG 口就无
法建立起压力来，只有当左、右行走马达、上装动作同时
进行时，三条回油通道同时被切断，此时 PG 口建立起压
力，才能推动直线阀芯换位，实现直线行走。
We’ve introduced a stream of pilot oil from the
pilot solenoid vavle assembly to PG port,which is
interconnected with the left end of straight
travelling spool,and this stream will worked as
a straight travelling vavle position alternation
signal .There are three passage for the stream to
go back to oil tank freely,if only anyone of the
three passage is through,the signal oil will go
back to oil tank freely,no pressure will be built
up at PG port.Only if the two travel motors and
upper work equipment were actuated at the same
time,all the three passage will be
blocked ,pressure of PG port will go up,and push
the straight travelling vavle to a position which
can make the machine go straight.
 直线行走功能
直线行走功能
Straight
Straight Travelling
Travelling
直线行走阀换位后，前、后泵压力油的分配关系
将发生改变，（如右图），前泵只给上装供油，
后泵只给左右行走马达供油，从而确保上装和左
右行走同时动作时，依然可以实现直线行走。

After the straight travelling vavle altered

to its left position,oil distribution of
front and rear pump will change,just like
it’s showed on the left picture.The front
pump will exclusively provide oil to upper
work equipment ,and rear pump exclusively
to the two travel motor ,therefore ,when
doing upper equipment action and travelling
at same time ,the machine can keep straight
 斗杆再生功能
斗杆再生功能
Arm
Arm Cylinder
Cylinder Scavenge
Scavenge Oil
Oil Regenesis
Regenesis
当斗杆油缸活塞杆伸出，斗杆下降垂直于地面前，由于受重力的影响，斗杆下降速度加快，斗杆油缸大腔将出现进油
量不足，进油压力下降的现象，为了避免斗杆油缸大腔吸空，在主阀上斗杆滑阀小腔回油与大腔进油设置了通道并加
装了单向阀，同时在小腔回油通道上加装滑阀，滑阀开启否由大腔压力控制；我们把这种在大腔压力不足时，由小腔
回油直接向大腔供油的功能叫斗杆再生功能。
When rod of arm cylinder extending,before the arm erect to the ground ,the arm dropping speed will
increase because of its gravity.At this moments,rodless chamber of arm cylinder will be short of oil
supply and pressure inside will drop. In order to prevent the rodless chamber from sucking to vacumm.
We fixed a check vavle in the arm spool vavle between arm cylinder small chamber outlet and big
chamber inlet passage.we also fixed a spool ,of which will put the scavenge oil passage through
according to pressure of big chamber of big chamber,on the way of small chamber scavenge oil.We call
such a fuction,big chamber of arm cylinder
低 feed oil to its small chamber directly,arm cylinder
Low
scavenge oil regenesis.

大腔压力克服不了弹簧力
The big chamber pressure is not able to
overcome the spring force.
高
High
 斗杆再生功能
斗杆再生功能
Arm
Arm Cylinder
Cylinder Scavenge
Scavenge Oil
Oil Regenesis
Regenesis
当斗杆油缸活塞杆伸出，斗杆下降越过垂直于地面位置后，斗杆上升，受重力影响，斗杆上升速度变
慢 ，大腔压力增大，于是小腔回油通道上的滑阀移位，小腔回油通道接通，小腔回油流回油箱。
When rod of arm cylinder extending,after arm rise above plumbed position ,the arm will
begin to raise,because of gravity of itself,speed of arm raising will be slower,and
then pressure of arm cylinder big chamber will rise,this rising pressure will push the
spool fixed in the small chamber oil return passage to its upper position,and put the
small chamber return oil passage through,then scavenge oil from arm cylinder small
chamber is able to go back to oil tank freely.
 斗杆再生功能
斗杆再生功能
Straight
Straight Travelling
Travelling
直线行走阀换位后，前、后泵压力油的分配关系
将发生改变，（如右图），前泵只给上装供油，
后泵只给左右行走马达供油，从而确保上装和左
右行走同时动作时，依然可以实现直线行走。

After the straight travelling vavle altered

to its left position,oil distribution of
front and rear pump will change,just like
it’s showed on the left picture.The front
pump will exclusively provide oil to upper
work equipment ,and rear pump exclusively
to the two travel motor ,therefore ,when
doing upper equipment action and travelling
at same time ,the machine can keep straight
 动臂
动臂 //斗杆锁定功能
斗杆锁定功能
The
The boom
boom and
and bucket
bucket rod
rod locking
locking
所谓动臂、斗杆锁定就是在不操作动臂、斗杆动作时，即使其工作滑阀因磨损或发卡内泄的情况下也能保证动臂、斗杆不
掉臂。为了达到这个目的，分别在主阀动臂大腔回油通道和斗杆小腔回油通道上安装了锁定阀。其工作原理如下图（以斗
杆为例）： The boom and bucket rod locking means that when the boom and bucket rod motions are not operated, their
working slide valves are able to ensure that the boom and bucket rod will not drop even their working slide valves are worn down,
stuck or leaks. To this end, lock valves are installed on the main valve boom big chamber return oil passage and bucket rod small
chamber return oil passage respectively. The working principle is shown in the following diagram (using bucket rod as an
example):
五、行走马达 Travel System

泄油管 Oil drain 单向阀 Check 平衡阀 Balance

pipe valve valve

行走溢流阀 Travel
overflow valve

行走测压点
Travel pressuremeasurement point

工作进回油管 Working oil 先导高低速管 Pilot

高低速阀 High and low high and low speed
intake and return pipes
speed valves pipes
 六、回转机构液压原理 Rotary system
补油管 Oil refilling pipe 工作进回油管 Working oil
intake and return pipes

回转测压点 Rotation pressure

measurement point
回转安全阀 Rotary safety
valve

防逆转阀 Anti-
reversion valve

主阀 PX 解锁油 (SH) Main valve

PX unlocking oil (SH) 单向阀 Check valve

先导 M2 油 (PG) Pilot 泄油管 Oil drain pipe

M2 oil (PG)
A/B ： Oil in/out
PA/PB: Oil pressure testing point
M:Add oil point
DB: Leakage point
SH: Unlock pressure
PG: To push the brake cylinder
防反转阀
七、其它部分 Others parts
1 、中心回转接头：主要是起连接上下车架的功能，在上车架回转时把油传给下车架的行走。

Centre revolving joint: the oil and electric signals of superstructure and chassis are transferred
by the centre revolving joint which is installed at the slewing ring center of slewing table.
2 、手先导阀 Hand poilt valve
3 、脚先导阀 Foot poilt valve