LADAKH (LAH)

PREPARED BY

BEREKET UGR/22768/13

ARAYA submitted to :- Pr Peta Eshwara Rao

 The area which is mostly known by the cold and
sunny air condition is leh (ladakh)
 Leh is found in Indian
 The area is mountainous, sparsely vegetated, and
regarded as a cold desert.
 There is very little temperature precipitation which is
vary between day and night
 The settlement is steep slope and facing southward for
the rezone to gate good insulation during day time
 THE TEMPERATURE
 RANGE
The sun radiation is typically higher and contains relatively diffuse radiation. In summer time there is higher range
During day from 17 to 24 degree calicos
During night from 4 to 11 degree calicos
 The temperature during winter range
During day from -7 to 8 degree calicos
During night from -14 to 0 degree calicos
As a result winter are bitterly cold.
 In this type of areas the average
highest temperature occurs in august
around 10.0 degree C or 50.1 degree F.
 The lowest average temperature in
the year occur in January, when it is
around -20.6 degree C or -5.0 degree F.
 WIND SPEED
 The wind speed in ladakh can vary greatly from month to
month.
 In the winter months, wind speeds tend to be higher due to
the cold air and the increased pressure gradient between the
cold air and the warmer air.
 In the summer months, wind speeds tend to be lower due
to the warmer air and the decreased pressure gradient.

Annual wind speed

Daytime wind speeds in Ladakh can vary greatly depending on the season.
In the winter, daytime wind speeds can range from 5 to 15 mph,
In the summer, daytime wind speeds can range from 10 to 25
mph.
Night time wind speed in Ladakh typically much lower than daytime wind speeds.
In the winter, nighttime wind speeds can range from 0 to 5 mph,
In the summer, nighttime wind speeds can range from 5 to
10 mph.

HUMIDITY
LEVEL
 The humidity level in ladakh climate zone can
vary greatly depending on the season.
 In the winter, the humidity level is usually low
due to the cold temperatures and dry air.
 In the summer, the humidity level is usually
higher due to the warmer temperatures and
increased evaporation.
 The relative humidity is consistently low range
about 10-50%
 Cloud condition
In ladakh the cloud condition would typically be
clear or mostly clear skies with few clouds.
However, depending on the specific location and
weather patterns, there may be some scattered
clouds or occasional periods of overcast skies. It's
important to check the local weather forecast for
the most accurate information
 Amount of rainfall
 In ladakh the annual rainfall vary in different
months
 The least amount of rain fall is occur in October the
average in this month is 19mm\0.7 inch.
 The greatest amount of rainfall occur in August
with average of 64mm\2.5inch.
Air quality
 The air quality in a ladakh can vary greatly
depending on the region and the season.
 In general, air quality in ladakhtends to be better than
in other climates due to the lack of air pollution from
industry and vehicles.
 During the winter months, air quality can be affected
by the burning of wood and other fuels for heating,
as well as the presence of dust and pollen.
 During the summer months, air quality can be
affected by the presence of ozone, which is created
when sunlight reacts with pollutants in the air. In
addition, air quality can be affected by the presence
of smoke from wildfires and other sources.
Ground condition
 In ladakh, the ground condition is typically dry and
hard.
 The soil is usually sandy or rocky, and the
temperatures can range from below freezing to above
freezing.
 The ground can be prone to frost having, which can
cause damage to plants and structures.
 In addition, the soil can be low in organic matter,
making it difficult for plants to take root and thrive.
Water bodies
Ladakh is is a land of high mountain passes, barren landscapes, and stunning
natural beauty. There are several water bodies in Ladakh, including:

1. Pangong Tso Lake: This is one of the most famous lakes in Ladakh, located
at an altitude of 4,350 meters. It is a saltwater lake that stretches for about
134 km and is shared by India and China.

2. Tso Moriri Lake: This is another high-altitude lake located in Ladakh, at an

altitude of 4,522 meters. It is a freshwater lake that is about 28 km long and 8
km wide.

3. Tso Kar Lake: This is a saltwater lake located in the Rupshu Valley of
Ladakh, at an altitude of 4,530 meters. It is a small lake that is about 3 km
long and 1 km wide.

.
Architectural
Details
the main bazaar in Leh town is built along a roadway that runs north-south, allowing
the sun to shine in the market for the majority of the day and avoiding any
shadowing caused by buildings. Similarly, the ancient town's street plan provides
maximum solar penetration, despite the fact that the street pattern appears to be
uneven at first glance. The major thoroughfares are laid out on a north-south axis,
with intersecting streets aligned at 45 degrees to the cardinal directions, avoiding
any East-West orientation, which would result in mutual shading
The majority of the residences are two-story structures. Larger homes are built
around a courtyard, whereas smaller homes are not. The Ground Floor is usually a
dwarf floor that is not intended for human use. It serves as a holding area for cattle, as
well as a storage facility and a collection point for lavatory waste The top levels have
lavatories, whereas the lower stores have a chamber where the excreta is collected
and composted (Since the kitchen and sleeping areas are adjacent, the heat
generated during cooking contributes to the overall warmth of the interior during the
night . In addition, the main hall is carpeted and equipped with a furnace and a smoke
stack for warmth in the winter. The upper floor is used for residential purpose and
includes a prayer room, store, and toilet, and a relatively big space as a drawing room,
kitchen, and bedroom . A typical timber decorative Ladakh post in the center of the
main room serves as a focal point
The upper floor is exposed to sunlight during the day, keeping it warm, and the
heat is preserved at night using the aforementioned indigenous practices. In
virtually all situations, the terrace is used for daytime family meetings as well as
drying various items
The primary living area is usually equipped with a huge window that faces the sun.
The primary wide window is positioned as a corner window in cases where the
structure is diagonally orientated with south, catching the sun-light from both
directions In order to trap solar radiation as an indigenous greenhouse mechanism,
this window is kept closed most of the time and never opened during the winter. In
certain situations, double glazing has been installed to improve the insulating
capabilities of this window
Trombe walls are often installed in homes to passively heat the building. The use of
Trombe walls decreases the demand for traditional heating methods like furnaces
or other space heaters, lowering the amount of energy consumed to heat the
property
The livestock is frequently kept beneath the main hall since the cattle's body heat
warms the main hall from below. Dry grass, straw, sticks, and other dry materials
are commonly stored on the main hall's roof to act as an additional layer of
insulation. These traditional practices add to the comfort element during the night
when the main hall is used for sleeping
Because of the restrictions of the building materials, the other rooms are
normally 3 to 4 meters in length, which helps to keep the interior warm and
comfortable. Larger rooms have a tendency to chill off quickly. The windows
in the other rooms that aren't exposed to the sun are significantly smaller in
order to keep the heat inside
Roofs are built with flat spans utilizing the trunks of native poplar trees as beams,
spaced 50-60cm apart. The trunks have an average diameter of 15 centimeters and a
length of 3 to 4 meters . Poplar willows spread in the other direction are used to cover
these timbers. Willows usually have a thickness of 20 to 30 mm. Over the layer of
willows, a 15 to 20 cm layer of dried grass, hay, etc. is laid and finished with a clayey
mud plaster (Figure 12
(http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/9/6/2/index.html#NavFigure12)).
The bottom storey on the ground has mud floors, while the upper storey has timber
floors. Along with the outfitting of rugs, timber flooring provide improved thermal
com fort
Timber from Kashmir is used for the doors and windows. The lintels of the doors and
windows are ornately corbelled elements. The plaster band, which is commonly red or
black in colour, articulates the sills and jambs. The distinctive features of Ladakh
architecture are the timber lintels and plaster bands. Their growth, however, is not
solely for symbolic or aesthetic purposes Lintels are made up of layers of wood that
operate as a thermal barrier, preventing heat loss through conduction from the wall
trunks
15 cm Living areas

30 cm
Interior wall
wall

For cattle
50 cm
Exterior wall
Elevation
 4mm clear
4mm clear above
100%

31%

warm Cold

Use of glens and tambel wall heat is

saced in thebuilding= mass the day
and warm during the night
 Doors
The main entrance of a
power house used to
be through large wide
doors

Built tall often two

story height
The upper floor of
these town
housesare
Timber framed with
brick filling in the wall
strategy

floor plans

• should be wide on the ground

• The walls have to be thick on the ground
• in order to get more space for rooms we have
to use some portion of the ground for living
perpose
• the doors shouldn’t be that much wide
• the height should be minimum 3 meters
elivation

 they should bve minimum g+1

 they need to have balconys

Roofs

 the roofs should be flat and made with timber

 they should’t insulate heast inside