Bohr’s Model

Nucleus

Electron

Orbit

Energy Levels
 Bohr Model of Atom
Increasing energy
n=3 of orbits
e-
e- n=2

e-
n=1
e-
e-
e- e- e-

e-
e-
e-
A photon is emitted
with energy E = hf

The Bohr model of the atom, like many ideas in

the history of science, was at first prompted by
and later partially disproved by experimentation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chemistry
 An unsatisfactory model
for the hydrogen atom

According to classical physics, light

should be emitted as the electron
circles the nucleus. A loss of energy
would cause the electron to be drawn
closer to the nucleus and eventually
spiral into it.

Hill, Petrucci, General Chemistry An Integrated Approach 2nd Edition, page 294
 The Bohr Model
• Is known as the "planetary model" of the atom that is used
as a symbol for atomic energy levels. the neutrons and
protons are in the nucleus, and the electrons orbit the
nucleus much like planets orbiting the Sun.
First energy level

Second energy
level
 The Bohr model consists of these principles

1. Electrons assume only certain orbits around the nucleus. These

orbits are stable.

2. Each orbit has an energy associated with it. For example the orbit
closest to the nucleus has an energy E1, the next closest E2 and
so on.

3. Light is emitted when an electron jumps from a higher orbit to a

lower orbit and absorbed when it jumps from a lower to higher
orbit.
• The basic feature of quantum mechanics that is incorporated
in the Bohr Model in the Bohr atom is restricted to certain
discrete values.

• One says that the energy is quantized. This means that only
certain orbits with certain radii are allowed; orbits in
between simply don't exist.

• The lowest energy state is generally termed the ground

state. The states with more energy than the ground state are
called the excited state.
Bohr Model
• Bohr also suggested that the electrons can only revolve
in certain orbits, or at certain energy levels (ie, the
energy levels are quantized)

no energy level in between steps

 Each possible electron orbit in Bohr’s model has a fixed
energy.

• The fixed energies an electron can have are called energy

levels.
• A quantum of energy is the amount of energy required to
move an electron from one energy level to another energy
level.
Bohr’s Model
• Bohr's model was so successful that he immediately
received world-wide fame. Unfortunately, Bohr's
model worked only for hydrogen. Thus the final
atomic model was yet to be developed.
 Shorthand representation of how
each electron is arranged among the
orbitals, levels, and sublevels
Electron based on the stated principles

Configuration Represented by letter and a

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