Electric Machine

• Electric machine is a device that converts electric

energy into mechanical energy or vice versa through
the principle of electromagnetic induction.
Every current-carrying conductor produces a magnetic field.
Electromagnetic Induction
• Whenever there is relative motion between a current-
carrying conductor and stationary conductor, an EMF
will be induced. (Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction)
• Condition for EMF induction

• 1) Coil is moving. or
• 2) Conductor is moving. or
• 3) Magnitude of the current is changing.
Linear Motion
Motor(converts electrical energy into mechanical energy through the principle of electromagnetic
induction)
Motor

Dc Motor Ac Motor

Induction Motor Synchronous Motor

(Asynchronous)

Three Phase Single Phase

1. Resistance split-phase motor

2. Capacitor split phase motor

3. Capacitor start and run motor

3 Phase Induction Motor or Asynchronous
motor (construction)
3 Phase IM (working)
• Three-phase supply is given to stator winding.

• Electric current produces a magnetic field that is rotating in nature with constant magnitude.

• Flux from stator winding cuts the stationary rotor conductor and an emf is induced.

• A current flows in short-circuited copper bars which produce their own magnetic field.

• The two magnetic field interacts with each other to produce rotatory motion.

• Used in industries, escalators, elevators, etc.

Advantages of 3 Phase IM
• It has a simple and rugged construction.

• It requires less maintenance.

• It has high efficiency and a good power factor.

• It is less expensive.

• It has self-starting torque.

Rotating Magnetic Field
Rotating Magnetic Field(contd.)
Rotating Magnetic Field(contd.)
Lenz`s law
The direction of induced emf is such that if it is allowed to cause a current by short circuiting the
coil then the current so produced has an effect that opposes the cause .

The action which tries to neutralise its very own existence .

Synchronous Motor
• Constant speed motor.

• Powe supply is given to both stator and rotor. Three-

phase supply is given to the stator and a dc supply to
the rotor.

• The rotor pole is locked with the stator.

• Synchronous motor is not self-starting. It is started by

some external means or by using damper winding.

• Used where constant speed is mandatory, like paper

mills, textile etc.