STERILIZATION TECHNIQUE

IN CATH LAB
• JAIPRAKASH 1ST YEAR M.SC (CCIT)
• ROHIT GOUTTAM 1ST YEAR M.SC. (CCIT)
• RAJ KUMAR 1ST YEAR M.SC. (CCIT)
STERILIZATION

• The process of killing or removing bacteria and all other forms of living
micro -organisms and there spares from preparation .
• Essential concept in the preparation of sterile pharmaceutical products
• Its Aim
1. Is to provide a product that is safe and eliminates the posibility of
introducing
IMPORTANCE OF STERILIZATION

• Medical sterilization
1. Prevents the growth of diseases
2. Prevents the spread of diseases
3. Prevents double surgeries
METHOD OF STERILIZATION
• Three method:-
1. Physical method
• Dry heat sterilization
• Moist heat sterilization
• Sterilization by radiation (Gamma radiation)
2. Chemical method
• Gaseous sterilization
• Sterilization by disinfectant
3. Mechanical method
• pass through bacteria-proof filter
PHYSICAL METHOD OF STERILIZATION –
INSTRUMENT USED

• Dry heat • Oven

• Moist heat • Autoclave

• Radiation • Gamma -ray chamber

DRY HEAT STERILIZATION

• INSTRUMENT – OVEN
1. Oven is specially designed instrument-electrical heated and
thermostatically controlled
• exposed at 160 °C for 1 hour
• ADVANTAGE-
• It is suitable method for Sterilization of substances destroyed by moisture.
• DISADVANTAGE
• Long heating time and high pressure
 MOIST HEAT STERILIZATION
• INSTRUMENT – AUTOCLAVE
1. Heating process in AUTOCLAVE – saturated steam under pressure is allowed to
penetrated through materials for 15 minutes and temperature 121°C
ADVANTAGE
• Micro organisms are killed most efficiency in lesser time due to hight pressure saturated
steam

DISADVANTAGE
• Unsuitable for materials not withstanding temperature for 115°C or more during heating
STERILIZATION BY RADIATION

Two techniques involved

• Alteration of chemicals lead to form new compound in cells destroying the
micro-organisms itself
• Vital structure like nuclear protein are destroyed killing the micro-organisms
• e.g., Co -60 –used for Gamma rays sterilization process.
Gamma rays-
• Generally obtain from radio isotope(Co-60) during disintegration of unstable
atoms.
ADVANTAGE
1. No significance rise in temperature
2. Continuous process due to short exposure time
DISADVANTAGE
3. May lead to color change
4. Solubility of preparation leading to decomposition of certain materials.
CHEMICAL METHODS

Gaseous sterilization –
• Ethylene oxide used
• Special type of chemical sterilization using gaseous and vapour
• The gas used is safe & non-inflammable.
• Now a days , ethylene oxide most widely used gaseous sterilization agent in medical
science.
ADVANTAGES
• It has penetration power quite useful for sterilizing surgical instrument (such as
catheter ,needles ,plastics & disposables)

DISADVANTAGES
• Very slow sterilization process
• Very costly equipments.
DISINFECTION

• Decontamination – removal of microorganisms contaminating an object

• Preservation – preventing methods of microbes –caused spoilage of
susceptible products (pharmaceuticals, foods)
• Sanitization – removal of microbes that pose a threat to the public
health ,food industry, water conditioning
DISINFECTANTS

• Chemical agents
• Alcohols , aldehydes ,halogen , phenols , surfactants & heavy metals
• e.g., ethylene oxide – most commonly used for sterilization
ADVANTAGE
• Widely used in hospital for materials that can not withstand steam Sterilization
DISADVANTAGE
• 40-60% humidity in sterilizing chamber.
MECHANICAL METHOD

• The solution to be sterilized is passed through depth – filter.

• In this , micro-organisms are physically removed by absorption on the filter
medium or by mechanism.
• In filtration, Air and water systems are crucial in cath labs to maintain a
sterile environment. High- efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters are used
to trap airbone contaminants , while water filters ensure that the water used
in various procedures is free from micro-organisms.
INSTRUMENT PROCESSING

• There are 5 recommended steps for instrument processing

1. Cleaning
2. Inspection
3. Packaging
4. Sterilization
5. Storage and delivery
STEP 1 –CLEANING

• Cleaning of instruments should be performed in a designated area, immediately after

the surgical procedure.
• Quick cleaning removes blood or debris much easier, and can minimize corrosion ,
pitting or instrument staining.
• It is best to mechanically clean instruments with an ultrasonic or washer using a
neutral pH detergent( Ethylene oxide ).
• After cleaning, thoroughly rinse instruments with tap water to ensure loosened
debris and detergents are removed
STEP 2- INSPECTION

• Each instrument must be critically inspected after each cleaning for residual
debris or damage.
• Replace instruments as needed and never sterilize a ‘dirty’ instrument
• In addition, check each instrument for proper function and lubricate those
that have ‘metal to metal’ action. Instrument with stiff joints could be a sign
of inadequate cleaning.
STEP 3 – PACKAGING

• Instrument packaging should be done in a clean , low contamination area using only FDA approved materials,
• such as
1. Sterilization pouches
2. Sterilization wrappers
3. Sterilization containers
• Sterilization pouches are for packaging single instrument and small , light weight items. For quality control, be sure
to include a chemical indicator inside and a lot label outside .
• Sterilization wrap is used for packaging instrument or trays. Instrument trays should be double wrapped to maintain
sterility.
• Sterilization containers can be used to process instruments or sets . Containers offer excellent protection during
storage and transport to the sterile field.
STEP 4- STORAGE AND DELIVERY

• Sterile items should be stored in a manner that reduces the potential for
contamination.
• The shelf- life of sterile packages is event related and depends on the quality
of packaging material , storage conditions and amount of handling.
• Be sure to inspect sterile packages before distributing. Do not use any
package that is damage , wet or opened.