MUMPS

by Dr. Maria Naeem

 Learning Objectives
• Problem Statement
• Epidemiological Triad
• Clinical features
• Prevention and control
 Problem Statement
• An acute infectious disease caused by an RNA virus
of the family paramyxoviridae which has a
predilection for glandular and nervous tissues.
• Clinically, the disease is recognized by
nonsuppurative enlargement and tenderness of one
or both the parotid glands. Other organs may also be
involved.
• Constitutional symptoms vary, or may be inapparent.
• The disease occurs throughout the world. Although
morbidity rate tends to be high, mortality rate is
negligible.
• Natural infection with this virus is thought to confer
lifelong protection.
 Agent factor
• Agent:Causative agent,myxovirus parotiditis is a RNA virus
of myxovirus family.There is only one serotype.
• Source of infection:Virus can be isolated from saliva or from
swab taken from surface of stensons duct.
Virus has also been found in blood,urine,human milk and on
occasion in the CSF.
• Period of communicability:4 to 6 days before the onset of
symptoms and a week or more thereafter.Period of maximum
infectivity is just before and at onset of parotitis.Once swelling
subsided, case no longer infectious.
• Secondary attack rate:86 percent.
 Host factor
• Age and sex:Mumps is the most frequent cause of parotitis
in children in the age group 5 to 9 years.The average age
of incidence of mumps is higher than with measles,
chickenpox.No age is exempt if there is no previous
immunity.More severe in adults.
• Immunity:One attack induce life long immunity.
Infants below 6 months are immune because of maternal
antibodies.
 Environmental factor
• Cases occur throughout the year but peak
incidence in winter and spring.
• Epidemic are often associated with
overcrowding.
 • The disease is spread
mainly by droplet
Mode of infection and after
transmission direct contact with an
infected person.

• Varies from 2 to 4
weeks, usually 14-18
Incubation days
period
 Clinical features
• Mumps is viral infection.30 to 40 percent of cases of mumps
is clinically non apparent.In clinically apparent
cases characterized by pain and swelling in either one or both
parotid gland but may also involve sublingual gland and
submandibular gland.Often child complaint of Earache
on affected side prior to onset of swelling.
• Pain and stiffness on opening the mouth.
• Mumps also affect testes,pancreas,ovaries.
 Complications
• These include
1.Orchitis,
2. Ovaritis,
3. Pancreatitis,
4.Meningoencephalitis,
5.Thyroiditis,
6.Neuritis,
7. Hepatitis and myocarditis.
8.Testicular swelling and tenderness denote orchitis, which
is the most common extrasalivary gland manifestation of
mumps in adults. It is unilateral in about 75 per cent of
cases. Bilateral orchitis is rare.
• Mumps is a leading cause of pancreatitis in children.
• Mumps infection in the first trimester of pregnancy is
associated with a 25% incidence of spontaneous
abortion.
 Prevention
• VACCINATION: A single dose
(0.5 ml) intramuscularly
produces detectable antibodies
in 95 per cent of vaccinees.
• It is recommended for routine
immunization for children over
1 year of age, either alone or in
combination with other virus
vaccines, eg. in MMR vaccine
or as a quadrivalent vaccine
with varicella.
• A second dose is
recommended for children at
4-6 years of age.
• As with most other live virus
vaccines, mumps vaccine
should not be administered to
pregnant women, severely
ill patient or those who
receive immunosuppressive
therapy.
Control
• The control of mumps is
difficult because the
disease is infectious
before a diagnosis can be
made.
• The long and variable
incubation period, and
the occurrence of
subclinical cases make the
control of spread difficult.
However, cases should be
isolated till clinical
manifestations subside.
• Steps should be taken to
disinfect the articles used
by the patient.
• Contacts should be kept
under surveillance.
THANK YOU