TYPES OF

PIPE FITTINGS
• PIPE FITTINGS
- devices used to connect one or
more pipes and/or used to change the
direction of a straight pipe. The
plumbing Code requires that any
change of direction of piping in a
drainage system should have a radius
of curvature large enough to prevent
solids from accumulating and to
provide good hydraulic flow.

PIPE FITTINGS
• Elbows
• Used to change direction
especially used in
sanitary drainage system
• Available in 1/4(90o) and
1/8(45o) bends

PIPE FITTINGS
• Return Bend
• Used to provide 180o change in direction

PIPE FITTINGS
• Street/Service Elbow
• Used to provide 90o change in direction
having an outside thread on one end and
an inside thread on the other

PIPE FITTINGS
• Wye/Wye Branch
• A fitting used to connect
a branch pipe into a
straight run of piping at
a 45o angle
• Available in single and
double wye branches

PIPE FITTINGS
• Tee
• A fitting used to connect a branch pipe
into a straight run of pipes at right
angles
• Can only be used in
supply and vent
systems, and not in
sanitary or drainage

PIPE FITTINGS
• Combination Wye Branch
• A single fitting which is a combination
of a wye branch and a 1/8 bend
• Used in drainage system in changing
direction such as horizontal to
vertical

PIPE FITTINGS
• Upright Wye Combination
• A combination wye where the branch
inlet is parallel to the drum
• Used in when two stacks are provided

PIPE FITTINGS
• Street Tee
• A tee having an outside thread on one
end and an inside thread on the other
end and the branch

PIPE FITTINGS
• Tapped Tee
• Tapped tees and elbows are used in
special applications, typically for
installing pressure gauges in a poly
piping system to monitor the system
pressure.

PIPE FITTINGS
• Sanitary Tee / San-T
• A tee used as fitting for a soil pipe
which is designed with a sight curve in
the 90o transition so as to channel flow
from a branch line toward the direction
of the main flow

PIPE FITTINGS
• Cross / Double Tee
• A fitting used to connect a branch pipe
into a straight run of pipes at right
angles
• Should not be used
in sanitary systems
as code requires the
use of sanitary tee

PIPE FITTINGS
• Sanitary Cross / Double San-T
• A cross used as fitting for a soil pipe
which is designed with a sight curve in
the 90o transition so as to channel flow
from a branch line toward the direction
of the main flow

PIPE FITTINGS
• Coupling
• A short fitting, used
to join two pipes,
with both ends having
female receivers

PIPE FITTINGS
• Nipple
• A short length of pipe with external
threads at each end used to join
couplings or fittings
• Classified to closed or open/shoulder
nipple

PIPE FITTINGS
• Adapter
• A type of fitting to connect different
pipe materials such as galvanized steel
pipe (threaded) to plastic pipe (cold
welded or heat-fused)

PIPE FITTINGS
• Union Patente
• A pipe fitting used to
connect the ends of two
pipes, neither of which
can be turned
• Consists of three
pieces: two end pieces
having inner threads,
and a center piece which
draws the two end pieces
together as it is
rotated affecting a seal

PIPE FITTINGS
• Reducer / Increaser
• A pipe fitting connecting two different
sizes of pipe
• Either concentric or eccentric

PIPE FITTINGS
• Bushing
• A pipe fitting which is
threaded on both the
inside and the outside
so that it can connect
two pipes of different
sizes

PIPE FITTINGS
• Bend Offset
• A fitting meant to change
direction of a pipe line
other than 90o which
brings one section of the
pipe out of line with but
into a line parallel to
another section

PIPE FITTINGS
• Plug
• An internally threaded fitting, usually
with a square head, used to close the
end of a pipe

PIPE FITTINGS
• Cap
• An externally threaded fitting used to
close the end of a pipe

PIPE FITTINGS
• Solvent cement
plastic pipe joints
• A.k.a. cold welding
press

JOINTS & CONNECTIONS

What is fusion in plumbing?

In general, pipe fusion welding involves the process of joining two plastic
pipes through the use of heat and various types of fusion welding
machines. During the process, heat is applied to prepared pipe ends, which
are then pushed together with enough force to create a permanent bond