WATER

SURVIVAL
MEMBERS: INSERT NAME
HERE
EBORDE, FAITH NICOLAI E.
YAO, ROSEMARIE ANN G.
TARDECILLA, REYNARD M.
BALCE, SARAH C.
CANARIA, KYLA O.
NOLASCO, ASHLEY JADE D.
Drown Proofing Sequence
1. Float upright in the water and take a deep breath
2. Look your face into the water (keeping the mouth closed and
bring arms forward to rest at water level
3. Relax in the same position until you need to take in more air
4. Raise head above the surface treading water and exhale take
another breath and return to the relaxed position.
Drown proofing bouyant aid
Inflate your tousers:
1. Remove trousers while swimming in deep water
2. Tie knot into the lower legs
3. Catch some air in a pair a trousers with legs tied and waist help
open or inflate at the waist untill both legs are full.
4. Float with this bouyancy air of 1 minute, re inflate as required
5. Swim 15 meters using inflated tousers for support
 Drown Proofing-HELP and HUDDLE
SURVIVAL TIME CAN BE INCREASED BY ADOPTING THE HELP
POSITION. THIS POSITION TO A CERTAIN DEGREE PROTECTS THE
COVERED AREAS OF THE BODY FROM RAPID HEAT LOST.

THIS PRACTICE COVERS THE RECOMMENDED WATER RESCUE

METHOD FOR EXECUTING THE HEAT ESCAPE LESSENING POSTURE
(HELP) POSITION AND HUDDLE POSITION FOR GROUPS.

THIS POSITION PROTECTS THE BODY'S THREE MAJOR AREAS

OF HEAT LOSS
• (GROIN, HEAD/NECK AND RIB CAGE/ARMPITS)
 Heat Escape Lessening Posture
1. Keep the legs together by crossing the legs below the knees and draw
them up toward the
chest.

2. Pass both arms against the upper

body.

3. Keep head out of the water.

 HUDDLE Position
This movement imparts the importance of staying together in a
group in case of a water emergency. Huddling with other people in
the water lessens the loss of body heat and it lifts the morale of the
survivors or the group. Rescuers can spot a group more easily than
individuals in a large area of water.

The huddle position is useful for small groups wearing lifejackets.

It works on the same standard procedure as of the HELP position.
Before entering the water put two or three layers of clothes including
hooded garments, look and grab a personal floatation device or any
buoyant aid. Wear the lifejacket and into the water and get into a
ring-shaped "HUDDLE" position staying afloat as a group.
 HUDDLE
1. Hold onto a buoyant bit.

2. Press the sides of your bodies together.

3. Put your arms around each other's back at

waist or shoulder level. Wrap your legs around
each other to maintain body contact.

4. Keep a positive outlook, it will increase

survival chances
 BASIC WATER RESCUE
Drowning:
-Drowning:
-Near drowning:
It is death from asphyxia due to suffocation -Behavior: Sign and
caused by water entering the lungs and Symptoms

preventing the absorption of oxygen leading -Deep Water

Blackout
to cerebral hypoxia.
Most drowning occurs when the victim is
in water (90% in fresh water-rivers, lakes and
pools and 10% in sea water).
 BASIC WATER RESCUE
Near drowning: -Drowning:
-Near
It is the survival of a drowning event drowning:
-Behavior: Sign and
involving unconsciousness or water Symptoms
inhalation and can lead to serious -Deep Water

secondary complications including death Blackout

after the event.

 BASIC WATER RESCUE
Behavior: Sign and Symptoms -Drowning:
-Near drowning:
• Head low in the water, mouth at water level -Behavior: Sign
• Head tilted back with open mouth. and Symptoms
• Eyes glassy and empty, unable to focus. -Deep Water
• Eyes open with fear evident on the face. Blackout

• Hyperventilating or gasping.
• Trying to swim in a particular direction but not making
headway.
• Trying to roll over on the back to float
• Uncontrollable movement of arms and legs, rarely out of the
water.
 BASIC WATER RESCUE
Deep Water Blackout

Resulted from concealed hypoxia upon ascent from Drowning:

depth. where the partial pressure of oxygen in the Near drowning:
Behavior: Sign and
lungs at the bottom of a deep pre dive is adequate to
Symptoms
support consciousness, but drops below the blackout Deep Water
threshold. As water pressure decreases on the ascent. Blackout

It usually strikes upon arrival near the surface as the

pressure approaches normal atmospheric pressure.
 SHALLOW WATER BACKOUT

• Lead to hyperventilation prior to swimming or diving.

• The body detects carbon dioxide level and relies this, but leaves the driver or
swimmer susceptible to sudden loss of conciuosness without warning from
hypoxia.
 SECONDARY DROWNING

• Inhaled fluid can act as an irritant inside the lungs.

• The reaction can take place up to 72 hours after drowning incident and may
lead to serious condition or death.
 VICTIM RECOGNITION
• Most parents, care givers, lifeguards do not have adequate vision of what
the struggling looks like.

• The victimes are best classified into different categories differing on their
behaviours, balance, motor skills, swimming skills and water safety
instruction learned at different times.
CLASSIFICATION
Experts categorize drowning into categories as follows::

DISTRESS SITUATION
• This are people in trouble and in distress.

DISTRESS SIGNAL
• Indicates that a person or group of people, sip, aircraft or other water vehicle is
threatened and in imminent danger.
 DROWNING SITUATION
• These are people suffocating and in verge of impending danger of death.

TWO TYPES OF DROWNING SITUATION

• Passive Drowning
• Active Drowning
CLASSIFICATION OF DROWNING VICTIM
• Concious Non Swimmers
• Unable to swim and often position vertically in the water.
2. Concious Weak Swimmer
• Exhausted or unskilled to swim in clothes.
3. Concious Injured Swimmers
• They are usually held onto the body part or unto a
buoyant aid.
4. Unconcious Victim
• They are floating motionless and face down in the water.
BASIC RESPONSES TO A DROWNING INCIDENT

• R-EACH and PULL

 Reaching Assist Procedure:

• Lie flat on deck with body firmly anchored, grasps victims’s wrist from above and
pull slowly and carefully.

• If standing in water, brace feet and lean back when reaching while holding unto a
support.

• Grasp victim as soon as possible.

• Keep talking to victim to calm and instruct him/her on what to do.

2. T-HROW
General Throwing Technique

• Stand so you will balance and bend knees hold coiled line or double chain
knot line over palm of non-throwing hand so that hand is open flat extend
twards victim.

• Step on no throwing end of the roop.

• Extend foot opposite throwing arm.

 T-OW

As soon as the victim clings in the floatation device, find a way to tow him in
safety. Toss a rope or wade out as far as waist deep to reach him and assist the
victim towards shore.

G-O

An unconscious victim is too far to reach and you know how to swim. Go to him
by a boat, be sure to wear a personal floatation device and carry along with you
a bouyant aid. Only at last resort, when all other measures fail before you enter
the water and go.
 LIFE SAVING: RESCUE

Entries: Determine the type of entry. Water entry depends on the

following situations:

• Dept of water
• Entry height
• Water clarity
• Knowledge of bottom condition
• Distance to victim
• Stess level of victim
 Shallow Dive or Tuck Dive

• Step to pool edge, feet spread slightly, toes over the edge of the pool deck.
• Couch down, bend knees, hold back parallel to water's surface.
• Lean forward, keep eyes on the victim.
• Swim arms back.
• Press against deck or pool edge with toes, extended legs.
• Swing arm forward, extend front of head, drop head slightly, head enter first.
• Use with water or bottom conditions is known with a minumum dept of 5 feet.
 Survival Jump

• Use when entering from height of more than 6 feet.

• Enter in vertical position.
• Arms holding the breast and pinching the nose for women and arms holding the
scrutom and pinching the nose for men.
• Legs together , legs slightly flexed.
• Head erect eyes on the victim.
• Slow descent after head enters by extending arms outwards and spreading legs in
scissors or breaststroke position.
• Swim to surface.
 Rescue Jump

• Do not attempt in unknown water depth.

• Use when entering from height or more than three feet.
• Enter in vertical position.
• One arm on side the other stretch.
• One leg straight and other leg slightly flexed and lifted from the ground.
• Head erect eyes on the victim.
• Slow descent after head enters by extending arms outwards and spreading legs in
scissors or breaststroke position.
• Swim to surface.
 Approach

CRAWL - Keep face

slightly above the
water as you look at
the victim.
Breast Stroke
Combines speed and energy conservation with
opportunity for a quick look at the victim.
Allow rescuer to swim on surface or
underwater and is useful in rough water.
 Rotary Kick

Inter changing breaststroke leg movement. Where

each other leg kicks through breaststroke range of
motion. It is useful while in from of the victim and
stabilizing your position or carrying and towing a
victim ashore or on deck.
 Front surface approach
1. Use if victim's face is fronting
down or near the surface.
2. Enter and swim within 3 to six
feet of the victim.
3. Stop and assume ready
position.
4. Scull to victim any grasps
underside of victim's wrist.
5. Kick for momentum and pull
victim's arms towards you.
 1. Use when victim is active,
Rear Approach passive or near the surface.
2 Enter water and approach
to within 3 to six feet of the
victim
3. Approach assumes ready
position, scull closer and
grasp victim’s armpit you
may choose to use saddle
back carry
 Underwater Approach
1. Use for active victim
2. Swim to a position in front of victim. About 3
to 6 feet away from victim. Immediately go
under water and hold the victim's leg and turn
him, slide your palm towards the side and hold
the hips, again slide your palm towards the
victim's side up to the head. Push the victim
afloat to a supine position: Continue grasping
victim's head with arms and elbow straight
swim ashore using an elementary backstroke.
 Carries

Single arm Tow

• Well suited for use with rear approach to active or passive victim.
• Assume ready position.
• Use hand that is closer to the victim's arm or armpit hand to right arm or armpit or left hand
to left arm or armpit
• Place arm into armpit with thumb up along outside of victim’s arm.
• Rest your head on the water and swim elementary backstroke or sidestroke using regular or
inverted scissors kick
Head Tow

• Approach casualty from behind

• Place both hands at either side of casualty's head
• Kick vigorously to rotate them backwards into
towing position, swim lifesaving backstroke to
safety
Wrist Tow
• Use only for passive victim.
• Use with front surface approach.
• Turn victim on back by grabbing underside of
victim's wrist (right hand to right wrist or left
hand to left wrist)
• Learn backwards and swim while pulling
victim's arm across your body. Twist wrist in line
with pull which victim's arm should be
extended.
• Swim sidestroke or elementary backstroke with
towing arm fully extended along the surface of
the water.
Clothes Tow

• Well suited for use with rear approach to active or passive

victim.
• Assume body position.
• Grabs the clothes on the victim's back between the
shoulders and pulls him to a horizontal position, floating
on his back.
• Maintain hold of the victim's clothes, keeping arm fully
extended and use sidestroke carry.
Shoulder Tow
• Approach casualty from behind

• Grasp the casualty both armpits

• Kick vigorously to rotate them backwards into

towing position

• Swim lifesaving back stroke to safety

SADDLE BACK
 CROSS CHEST CARRY

Approach the victim from behind and level him off

(described in armpit tows).
TIRED SWIMMERS CARRY
CARRIES FROM WATER

The most common carry is

the fireman’s carry.
 SADDLE BACK
CARRY

A convenient carry for short

distances.
Block and Escape Two Hand Block
 FRONT and REAR ESCAPE

• Take a breath.
• Tuck chin to the chest.
• Press the elbow with your finger and lift
the shoulder
• Dive feet first, taking the victim
underwater and escape
THANK
YOU!