R E AD I N G S I N

P H I L I PP I NE
HI S T O R Y
MARK JAY T. JABON
 UNIT 1:
Meaning and Relevance of
History
A. Meaning and Relevance of History
B. Distinction of Primary and Secondary Sources; External and
Internal Sources
History
Tradtional Understanding

• Study of the past

• Chronological record of
significant events often
including an explanation of
their causes.
History

Modern Understanding

• Came from the Greek word

“Historia” that means “Knowledge
acquired through inquiry or
investigation.”
• Sources are oral traditions in forms
of epics, songs, artifacts,
architecture, memory etc.
 i o n o f H i s t o r y
Divis
• Pre-History d s e x is t
n o w ri tte n re c o r
• period whe r e
g s o f p eo p l e w er e
e w r it in
or when th
no t p re se rv e d .
s si ls a n d a rtif a c ts
r o u g h f o
• analyzed th
e o lo g is ts a n d
by Archa
Anth ro p o lo g i s t s
 i o n o f H i s t o r y
Divis
2. History o w rit e a n d
n m a n sta rt e d t
• period whe f
u s in g a s y st e m o
record e v e n ts
writing. ,
u g h w o o d c a rv e s
• an a ly z ed th r o
w r it te n p a p y r u s,
engraved m e ta l s ,
w ri tte n p a p e r s .
 Role of Historians

• To look at the available sources and select the most

relevant for history and subject of study.
• To organize the past that is being created.
• To seek for the meaning of recovering the past to let the
people see the continuing relevance of memories
(Historical Understanding)
 Historiography
• “Writing of history” (Historical Writing)
• Based on critical examination of sources, selection of
particular details from authentic materials in those sources
and the synthesis of those details into a narrative
• Done through “Historical Research” with the aid of
“Historical Methodology”
 Historiography
1 2 3 4 5
Choosing a Looking for data Determining the Analyze the Writing the
topic through Historical data as a Primary data through entire narrative
Sources or Secondary historical
source. criticisms.
 Importance of
History
• To unite a nation
• To legitimize regime and forge a sense of collective identity
through collective memory.
• To make sense of the present
• To not repeat mistakes of the past
• To inspire people to keep their good practices to move forward.
 Historical Timeframe of the
Philippines
9000 BCE OR 21ST CENTURY
7000 BCE

SPANISH ERA
COMTEMPORARY ERA -
AMERICAN ERA
PRE-HISTORIC ERA PRESENT

JAPANESE ERA
History and Historical
Research
WHAT IS HISTORY?
 WHAT IS HISTORY?

IS THE ACCOUNT OF THE PAST OF A PERSON OR A

GROUP OF PEOPLE THROUGH WRITTEN DOCUMENTS
AND HISTORICAL EVIDENCES.
 What is History?

• History also focused on writing about wars, revolutions,

and other important breakthroughs.
 No Document, No History

It means that unless a written document can prove a

certain historical event, then it cannot be considered as
a historical fact.
WHAT IS HISTORY?

HISTORY IS THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF PAST EVENTS, SOCIETIES, AND

CULTURES, ENABLING US TO UNDERSTAND THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN
CIVILIZATION OVER TIME. IT ENCOMPASSES VARIOUS ASPECTS OF HUMAN
EXPERIENCES, INCLUDING POLITICS, ECONOMICS, CULTURE, AND SOCIAL
INTERACTIONS. HISTORICAL RESEARCH INVOLVES THE RIGOROUS
INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES,
ARTIFACTS, AND NARRATIVES TO RECONSTRUCT AND INTERPRET THE PAST
ACCURATELY.
WHAT IS HISTORICAL
RESEARCH?
 r i c a l R e s e a c h
Histo n to ta k e
rc h is u n d e r
Historical resea e s,
s c o n c e rn i n g th e c a u s
answer qu e s t io n
el a ti n g t o o a s t ev e n t s
effects o r t re n d s r
d li g h t o n th e p re s e n t
tha t m ay sh e
ic e s o r b e h av o u r.
pract
 r i c a l R e s e a c h
Histo stematic a sy
rc h in v o lv e s
Historical resea a ta
riti c a l e v a lu at io n o f d
collection an d c
r en ce s o f a p a rt ic u la r
relating to p ast o c cu r
phenomenon.
 Characteristics of Historical Research

• It is not a mere accumulation of facts and data

• It is a flowing, vibran report of past events
• Collecting and reading the research material
• It deals with discovery of data
• It is analytical that it uses logical induction
• It has a variety of foci such as issues, events, movement,
concept.
 Types of Historical Research

• Social issues
• Study of specific individuals, educational institutions and
social movements
• Exploration of relationships between events
• Synthesis of data
• Reinterpretation of past events
 Historical Research

Historical research promotes critical thinking, as researchers

navigate biases, analyze evidence, and construct narratives.
Cross-referencing and scrutinizing multiple sources ensure
accuracy.
Historians, like scholars in any field, often have
varying perspectives and
comments about the study of history. Here are a few
common viewpoints
expressed by historians:
"History Repeats Itself“

Some historians emphasize the cyclical

nature of history, suggesting that patterns and trends
observed in the past
tend to recur in different forms.
This viewpoint serves as a cautionary
reminder to learn from history's mistakes and
successes.
"History is Written by the Victors“

This perspective underscores the idea that historical

accounts are often influenced by those in power or
those who have won conflicts. Historians recognize
the potential for bias and seek to uncover suppressed
or marginalized narratives.
"History is Interpretation“

Historians acknowledge that historical accounts are

interpretations of past events, influenced by the
historian’s perspectives and biases. Different scholars
may analyze the same evidence and arrive at diverse
conclusions.
"History is a Lens to Understand the Present“

Many historians view the study of history as a means

to understand contemporary issues and societies.
Analyzing how past events led to current conditions
offers insights into societal dynamics.
"History Uncovers Complexity“

Historians often stress that history is

complex and rarely can be distilled into simple
narratives. They explore multiple angles, contributing
to a deeper and more nuanced understanding of
events.
"History is Incomplete“

Historians acknowledge that gaps in the historical

record exist due to lost documents, limited
perspectives, and biases. They work with available
evidence to piece together cohesive narratives.
"History is Empowering“

Some historians believe that understanding

history empowers individuals and societies to make
informed decisions. It provides context for social,
political, and cultural developments, aiding in critical
thinking.
"Every Story Matters“

Historians advocate for inclusivity by recognizing that

every individual's story contributes to the broader
historical narrative. This viewpoint challenges
traditional accounts and amplifies marginalized
voices.
"History as Identity“

Historians acknowledge that history plays a role in

shaping collective and individual identities. It helps
societies define who they are and provides a sense of
continuity.
"History's Lessons“

Historians often argue that studying history

allows us to learn from past successes and failures. It
provides valuable insights into human behavior, the
consequences of actions, and potential paths forward.
Th a n k
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