Eczema

Eczema is a group of conditions that cause

inflammation of the skin.

eczema causes skin to become itchy, red, and dry

even cracked and leathery.

Eczema can appear on any part of the body

Types :
Atopic dermatitis
Contact eczema
Dyshidrotic eczema
Neurodermatitis
Nummular eczema
Seborrheic eczema
Stasis dermatitis
 Contact dermatitis
:It comes in two types
Allergic contact dermatitis is an immune system
.reaction to an irritant like latex or metal

Irritant contact dermatitis starts when a

.chemical or other substance irritates your skin
 Dyshidrotic eczema
causes small blisters to form on your hands and
.feet
It’s more common in women than men
: Symptomes
fluid-filled blisters form on your fingers, toes,
palms, and soles of your feet
these blisters may itch or hurt
: Causes
allergies
damp hands and feet
exposure to substances such as nickel, cobalt, or
chromium salt
stress
 Neurodermatitis
Scaly patches of the skin on the head , lower leg
or wrists caused by a localized itch (such as in
insect bite ) that become intensely irritated
when scratched
Neurodermatitis usually starts in people who
have other types of eczema or psoriasis
Doctors don’t know exactly what causes it,
although stress can be a trigger
Neurodermatitis
 Nummular eczema
coin-shaped patches of irritated skin , most
common in arms , back , buttocks and lower
legs that may be crusted , scaling and
extremely itchy
Nummular eczema can be triggered by a
reaction to an insect bite
Nummular eczema
 Seborrheic eczema
Yellowish , oily , scaly patches of the skin on the
scalp , face and occasionaly parts of the body
 Stasis dermatitis
Skin irritation on the lower legs generally related
to circulatory proplems
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis
the rash often forms in the creases of your elbows or
knees
skin in areas where the rash appears may turn lighter
or darker, or get thicker
small bumps may appear and leak fluid if you scratch
them
babies often get the rash on their scalp and cheeks
your skin can get infected if you scratch it
: Causes

: Genetic factors -
gene encoding for epidermal or other epithelial
structural proteins
Gene encoding for the major elements of
immune system ( for cytokines that regulate
IgE synthesis)
- Enviromental factors :

-Hot , dry or extremely cold climate

-Staphylococcus aureus

-Dust mites , pollens , mold , cigarette smoke and

dander from animal hair

-Allergenic food are eggs , milk , peanuts , wheat ,

soy and fish
 Treatment
• Topical corticosteroids
Depression of the production of many cytokines
and effects on inflammatory cells
In psoriasis they inhipit epidermal cell mitosis
• Uses :
Eczema
Psoriasis
Other skin condition
Low strength :
Hydrocortisone acetate
Hydrocort 1% ( cream + oint)
‫شركة الحياة للصناعات الدوائية‬ API .. Amman pharmaceutical industries

‫مستودع أدوية المهني‬

‫شركة فيالدلفيا للصناعات الدوائية‬
‫‪Intermediate strength :‬‬
‫‪Betamethasone‬‬
‫مستودع أرض الدواء‬

‫الشركة العربية لصناعة األدوية‬

‫مستودع أدوية أداتكو‬

‫‪• High strength :‬‬
‫‪Triamcinolone‬‬

‫شركة فيالدلفيا للصناعات الدوائية‬

‫شركة الحياة للصناعات الدوائية‬

‫‪Very high strength :‬‬
‫‪Clobetasol propionate‬‬ ‫الشركة المتحدة لصناعة األدوية‬

‫الشركة الدولية للدواء‬

‫مستودع أدوية سليمان طنوس‬

• Side effect :
skin atrophy
Hypopigmentation
Local infection

• C.I :
Tachyphylaxis
Potent cortecosteroids should be avoided on
the face , genitalia , intertriginous areas and in
young infants
 Topical calcineurin inhibitors
Immunomodulators inhibiting the activation of
key cells involved in atopic dermatitis ( T cells ,
dendritic cells , mast cells and keratinocyte )

They are approved for A.D in adults and children

older than age 2

Use for intertriginous psoriasis

S.E :
Burning sensation at application site
Lacal skin carcinogenesis

C.I :
They used as second line therapy regarding to
the possible risk of cancer

Children & adults with a weakened or comprised

immune system should not be treated with
these agent
 Topical calcineurin inhibitors
Pimecrolimus :

1% cream is approved for mild to moderate AD for

ages 2 and above

‫مستودع األدوية األردني‬

Tacrolimus :
0.03% oint approved for moderate to sever AD
for ages 2 and above
0.1% oint limited to ages 16 and above

‫مستودع أدوية ابن رشد‬

 Phototherapy or photochemotherapy
Its used to prevent secondary bacterial skin infections , commonly
seen in patient with AD
Uses :
Effective for AD and recommended especially when the disease is
not controlled by calcineurin inhibitors ointment
S.E :
Erythema
Skin pain , burning
Pruritus
Its not recommended in patient whose disease flare up when
exposed to sunlight it may worsen the AD
Thank you