Ariane rocket family

Done by:Nuray Kylyshkozha

Ariane (rocket family)
• Ariane is a series of European civilian expendable
launch vehicles for space launch use. The name comes
from the French spelling of the mythological character
Ariadne. France first proposed the Ariane project, and it
was officially agreed upon at the end of 1973 after
discussions between France, Germany and the UK. The
project was Western Europe's second attempt to
develop its own launcher following the unsuccessful
Europa project. The Ariane project was code-named
L3S (the French abbreviation for third-generation
substitution launcher).
Ariane versions
 Ariane 1
• Ariane 1 was the first rocket in the Ariane family of
expendable launch systems. It was developed and operated
by the European Space Agency (ESA). The first Ariane
launcher blasted into the sky on Christmas Eve, 1979. An
early Christmas present for the thousands of workers
throughout Europe and at Europe’s Spaceport in Kourou
who were involved in its development and production.
• Ariane 1 was the first launcher to be developed with the
primary purpose of sending commercial satellites into
geosynchronous orbit. Crucially, it was designed with the
ability of sending a pair of satellites into orbit on a single
launcher, thus reducing costs. As the size of satellites grew,
Ariane 1 quickly gave way to the more powerful Ariane 2
and Ariane 3 launchers, which were heavily based upon the
original rocket. The Ariane 4 was the last rocket to heavily
draw upon the Ariane 1, as the successor rocket Ariane 5
uses a far greater proportion of all-new elements.

Ariane 1 mock-up (Photo taken at

Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, Le
Bourget, France)
Design

• With lift-off mass of 210,000 kg, Ariane 1 was able to

put in geostationary transfer orbit one satellite or two
smaller of a maximal weight of 1,850 kg . The cost of
program is estimated at 2 billion euros.
• The Ariane 1 was a four-stage vehicle (fourth stage
put satellite from GTO to GEO is usually not counted
as part of rocket, because it is included in 1,850 kg of
payload).
• This design was kept in the Ariane series until Ariane
4.
 • On 1979, the first Ariane launch, designated as L-O1, was
Launches conducted, which was successful. However, in 1980, the
second launch, L-O2 ended in a failure shortly after takeoff,
which had been caused by a combustion instability that had
occurred in one of the Viking first stage engines. The third
launch, L-O3 succeeded, which resulted in the orbiting of
three separate satellites; the fourth and last qualification
launch, L-04, was also a success. However, during the fifth
launch, which was the first commercial mission to be
performed by Ariane, designated as L5, the rocket ceased
functioning after 7 minutes of flight. This failure was traced
back to a single turbopump in the third stage that had
stopped functioning, and a significant re-design of elements
of the third stage was performed as a result.
 Ariane 2
• Ariane 2 was a European
expendable space launch vehicle,
operated by the European Space
Agency (ESA) as part of Ariane
family of rockets. The principal
manufacturer for the Ariane 2 was
Aérospatiale, while the lead agency
for its development was the Centre
National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES),
the French government's space
agency.
Function Medium launch vehicle
Manufacturer Aérospatiale for
ESA and Arianespace

Size
Height 49.13 m (161.2 ft)
Diameter 3.8 m (12 ft)
Mass 215,000 kg (474,000 lb)[1]
Stages 3
Capacity
Payload to GTO
Mass 2,175 kg (4,795 lb)[2]
Associated rockets
Family Ariane
Launch history
• The Ariane 2 first flew in 1986, during which it carried the
Intelsat satellite. However, the third stage had a partial ignition
followed by another ignition above nominal pressure which led to
the engine's failure. Because the upper stage of the Ariane 2 was
shared with the other Ariane rockets, all flights were suspended
until 1987. As a result of an investigation into the ignition
irregularities, it was decided that installing more powerful igniters
would sufficiently rectify the issue. Despite this incident, the
reliability of the Ariane family meant that insurance costs for the
launcher decreased until they were less than that of rival
American launchers. Throughout the 1980s, the platform became
increasingly competitive on the global stage.
 Ariane 3
Ariane 3 was a European expendable carrier rocket, which was used for eleven
launches between 1984 and 1989.
Function Medium launch vehicle
Manufacturer Aérospatiale for
European Space Agency (ESA) and Arianespace

Size
Height 49.13 m (161.2 ft)
Diameter 3.8 m (12 ft)
Mass 234,000 kg (516,000 lb)[1]
Stages 3
Capacity
Payload to GTO
(200 km x 36,000 km at i=7 deg)
Mass 2,700 kg (6,000 lb)
Associated rockets
Family Ariane
 Launch history

• The Ariane 3 made its maiden flight on 1984, almost two years before the
Ariane 2's first launch, placing the ECS-2 and Télécom 1A satellites into
geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO). The ESA opted for a calculated risk on
the first launch, saving €60 million, by performing a commercial launch with
the very first flight of the Ariane 3. This was perhaps even more daring as not
only was this flight using a new launcher but also the new capability to launch
two satellites at once. The gamble paid off, as the launch was a complete
success. At the time of the Ariane 3's maiden flight, the United States still held
most of the global launcher market; by the end of the year, the order books were
shifting in favor of the Ariane family, having outstanding orders to launch 30
satellites at a cumulative cost of €1 billion.
 Ariane 4
The Ariane 4 was the ultimate development from the preceding members of the Ariane rocket family. Compared with the Ariane 2 and
Ariane 3, the Ariane 4 featured a stretched first (by 61%) and third stages, a strengthened structure, new propulsion bay layouts, new avionics

Function Expendable launch vehicle

Manufacturer ArianeGroup
Country of origin Europe
Size
Height 58.72 m (192.7 ft)
Diameter 3.8 m (12 ft)
Mass 240,000–470,000 kg (530,000–1,040,000 lb)

Stages 3[1]
Capacity
Payload to LEO[altitude and inclination needed]
Mass 5,000–7,600 kg (11,000–16,800 lb)
Payload to GTO
Mass 2,000–4,300 kg (4,400–9,500 lb)
 Development
• Ariane 4 was an improved and developed derivative of the earlier Ariane 3, primarily
differing through the application of various solid-fuelled and liquid-fuelled boosters, the
latter being the only all-new design feature of the Ariane 4; at this point, the practice of
using liquid boosters was uncommon, having only previously been used in the
Chinese space program. Another innovation of the Ariane 4 was the dual-launch
SPELDA (Structure Porteuse Externe de Lancement Double Ariane) fairing. This had the
function of allowing a pair of satellites, one placed on top of the other; several different
SPELDA nose fairings could be installed, including normal and extended models. The
SPELDA was considerably lighter than its predecessor; the guidance system also used
much more accurate ring laser gyroscopes. According to aviation author Brian Harvey,
the advances present in the design of the Ariane 4 represented a conservative and
evolutionary, rather than revolutionary, philosophically.
 Ariane 5

• Ariane 5 is a European heavy-lift space launch

vehicle developed and operated by Arianespace for
the European Space Agency (ESA). It is launched
from the Centre Spatial Guyanais (CSG) in French
Guiana. It has been used to deliver payloads into
geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) or low Earth orbit
(LEO). The launch vehicle had a streak of 82
consecutive successful launches between 9 April
2003 and 12 December 2017. Since 2014, Ariane 6, a
direct successor system, is in development.
Function Heavy launch vehicle
Manufacturer ArianeGroup
for ESA
Country of origin show20 ESA member states:
Cost per launch €139–185 million [1]
Size
Height 46–52 m (151–171 ft)
Diameter 5.4 m (18 ft)
Mass 777,000 kg (1,713,000 lb)
Stages 2
Notable launches
• Ariane 5's first test flight (Ariane 5 Flight 501) on 1996 failed, with the rocket self-
destructing 37 seconds after launch because of a malfunction in the control software. A
data conversion from 64-bit floating-point value to 16-bit signed integer value to be
stored in a variable representing horizontal bias caused a processor trap (operand error)
because the floating-point value was too large to be represented by a 16-bit signed
integer. The software had been written for the Ariane 4 where efficiency considerations
(the computer running the software had an 80% maximum workload requirement) led to
four variables being protected with a handler while three others, including the
horizontal bias variable, were left unprotected because it was thought that they were
"physically limited or that there was a large margin of safety". The software, written in
Ada, was included in the Ariane 5 through the reuse of an entire Ariane 4 subsystem
even though the software containing the bug, which was just a part of the subsystem,
was not required by the Ariane 5 because it has a different preparation sequence than
the Ariane 4.
 Ariane 6
• Ariane 6 is a European expendable launch
system currently under development since
the early 2010s by ArianeGroup on behalf of
the European Space Agency (ESA). It is
intended to replace the Ariane 5, as part of
the Ariane launch vehicle family. The stated
motivation for Ariane 6 (as of 2015) was to
halve the cost compared to Ariane 5 and
increase the capacity for the number of
launches per year (from six or seven to up to
eleven).

Illustration of the two Ariane 6 variants

planned, A62 (left) and A64 (right)
Thank you
for the
attention