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Various Types of Display Devices and Printers
Various Types of Display Devices and Printers
AND PRINTERS
Prepared
ATTRIBUTES
High
resolution High brightness Large viewing angle High writing speed Large colour gamut High contrast Less weight and size Low power consumption Low cost
VARIOUS DISPLAYS
Vacuum flourcent display (VFD) Field emission display (FED) Cathod ray tube (CRT) Liquid crystal display (LCD) Plasma display panel (PDP) Electroluminiscent display (EL) organic light emitting diode (OLED) Light emitting display(LED)
FED
Field emission displays, electrons coming from millions of tiny microtips pass through gates and light up pixels on a screen. This principle is similar to that of cathode-ray tubes in television sets. The difference: Instead of just one "gun" spraying electrons against the inside of the screens face, there are as many as 500 million of them (microtips).
CATHOD
The cathode/backplate is a matrix of row and column traces. Each crossover lays the foundation for an addressable cathode emitters. Each crossover has up to 4,500 emitters, 150 nm in diameter. This emitter density assures a high quality image through manufacturing redundancy, and longlife through low operational stress.
EMISSION
Emitters generate electrons when a small voltage is applied to both row (base layer) and column (top layer).
PIXELS
Faceplate picture elements (pixels) are formed by depositing and patterning a black matrix, standard red, green, and blue TV phosphors and a thin aluminum layer to reflect colored light forward to the viewer.
METAL TIPS
FED
Advantages and disadvantages:
MATRIX DISPLAY
EL
The structure consists of two thin layers of dielectric with phosphor sandwitched between them. A thin Al layer on the top and thin ITO layer on the bottom completes EL.When voltage of order of 200V is applied the resultant high electric field (1MV/cm) tunnels electrons through dielectric on to phosphor. The high energy of electrons impact the colour centres to emit visible light.
High brightness, high resolution, Blue phosphor improvement required High voltage switching High purity materials Small sizes Expensive
LCD
Most mature flat panel technology Major share of FPD market Poor intrinsic viewing angle Requires backlight Inefficient Slow Effected by Temperature and sunlight
PDP WORKING
Reaction causes each subpixel to produce red, green, and blue light.
PDP
Large Displays >32 High Resolution High Brightness Good Contrast Good Colour gamut Large viewing angle High Speed Presently High Cost
TECHNOLOGY vs APPLICATION
SIZE AND APPLICATION LCD OLED FED PLASMA PROJECTION
Less than 2 Pager, cell phones, microdisplays Between 2 and 5 Industrial, Internet appliances, mobilephones, cameras/ camcorders, projectors
Presently occupies PM STN or LCOS Presently occupied by PMSTN. AMLCD will enter as higher resolutions and speed requirements increase Mainly occupied by AM LCD
Not applicable
Not applicable
TECHNOLOGY vs APPLICATION
SIZE AND APPLICATION LCD OLED FED PLASMA PROJECTION
Potential to replace LCD Sony already demonst rate d 15 Less expensive and better performance than LCD. Tiling is possible No technology limitat ions; hopes are high
Between 20 & 35 TV
Potential exists. But technology for large sizes with CNT? Doubtful
Not economical
Between 35 & 50 TV, HDTV, Large displays education and advert isement Above 50 HDTV,Video walls
Not applicable
Remote possibility
Only choice
Prime contender
PRINTERS
A
printer is a peripheral device that produces a physical copy or hard copy of the computers output.
IMPACT PRINTER
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Impact Printer- In impact printers,characters are printed by pressing a typeface against an inked ribbon, which makes a mark on the paper. The mostly common used impact printer is the Dot Matrix Printer. Non-Impact Printer - In non-impact printers,there is no contact between the typeface and the paper while printing. They are much quieters than impact printers because their printing heads do not strike the paper.Inkjet printer and Laser printer are the examples.
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CHARACTERISTICS
Dot-matrix printers vary in two important characteristics: speed: Given in characters per second (cps), the speed can vary from about 50 to over 500 cps. Most dot-matrix printers offer different speeds depending on the quality of print desired.
print quality: Determined by the number of pins (the mechanisms that print the dots), it can vary from 9 to 24. The best dot-matrix printers (24 pins) can produce near letter-quality type, although you can still see a difference if you look closely. In addition to these characteristics, you should also consider the noise factor. Compared to laser and ink-jet printers, dot-matrix printers are notorious for making a racket.
To fire the print pins against the ribbon and paper this electromagnet is energized due to which the moving pin strikes the ribbon that is coated with ink. After the pin fires, the electromagnet is de-energized which makes the spring pull the print pin back.
How it works
A print-head moves back-and-forth in front of forms (paper) on which characters or graphic images are transferred. The print-head contains numerous wires, typically from 9 to 24. Each wire is part of a solenoid-like unit. A pulse applied to the solenoid creates a magnetic field which forces the wire to move briefly forward then backward. As the wire moves forward, it presses against a print ribbon containing ink. The impact transfers an ink dot to the paper. The paper is supported from behind by a plate.
DEMO
Front view
Side view
Print wire
Ribbon
Plate n
Side view
Side view
Front view
USES
Primarily two: Any situation that requires multi-part forms Small printers, such as Calculators Adding machines Point-of-sale terminals
ADVANTAGES
Dot matrix printers, like any impact printer, can print on multipart stationery or make carbon-copies. Impact printers have one of the lowest printing costs per page. They are able to use continuous paper rather than requiring individual sheets, making them useful for data logging.
They are good, reliable workhorses ideal for use in situations where printed content is more important than quality.
The ink ribbon also does not easily dry out, including both the ribbon stored in the casing as well as the portion that is stretched in front of the print head; this unique property allows the dot-matrix printer to be used in environments where printer duty can be rare, for instance, as with a Fire Alarm Control Panel's output
DISADVANTAGES
Impact printers create noise when the pins or typeface strike the ribbon to the paper. Sound dampening enclosures may have to be used in quiet environments. They can only print lower-resolution graphics, with limited color performance, limited quality, and lower speeds compared to non-impact printers.
LASER PRINTER
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Toner cartridge A hopper filled with toner. Toner is a fine powder composed of plastic, iron and carbon particles.
1.
2.
An EP drum covered with photosensitive coating that holds a static charge until exposed to light.
A blade to remove used toner from the drum. A corona charging assembly, which applies a static to the drum after an image has been printed.
3.
1.
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TONER CARTRIDGE
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Charging or conditioning The primary corona wire applies a negative charge of approximately -600volts to the EP drum. Writing or exposing The laser beams reduces the negative charge to about -100 volts on the EP drum in the areas that become the image to be printed. Developing: Areas of the drum that were written to by the laser attract toner.
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Transferring: A positive charge of about +600volts is applied to the paper by transfer corona wire.
Fusing: Pressure and heat set the toner to the paper. A 350 deg F fusing roller melts the toner, and squeezing the paper through a set of rollers presses the toner into the paper.
Cleaning and erasing: A rubber blade clears the excess toner from the drum. Another corona wire removes the charges from the drum.
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UNPACKING
Toner is removed Gently roll toner cartridge side to side Install drum Remove Styrofoam from toner area Remove packing tape Install toner cartridge
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Connect the printer to the network or a computer using the correct interface. Plug it in.
2.
3.
Power it up.
Windows will likely recognize youve connected a new device and install drivers for it automatically. If drivers arent installed automatically, you can do it manually using the materials that shipped with the printer.
4.
5.
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Orientation Portrait or landscape Collation How the individual pages within a multi-page document are printed when you print more than one copy. Collated means entire copies of the document are printed together. Un-collated means that all the copies of page1 are printed before all the copies of page 2, and so forth. Copies:-- Number of copies to print Quality Options for draft , normal or high quality on some printers. Others offer varying resolutions Color:-- Specify full color or black and white print Order:-- Some printers allow you to specify whether to print from last page to first or first to last on multi-page print jobs. Switch print trays Spool settings 39 Some configuration can be done through buttons on printer itself