STUDY OF SHORELINE CHANGES

ALONG KANYAKUMARI-
THOOTHUKUDI USING REMOTE
SENSING AND GIS

MOHANA E 953219135019
NAVEEN MAHESH S 953219135021
PRIYA DHARSHNI R 953219135027
THIRUPPATHI RAJ S 953219135037
CONTENTS
 Aim
 Scope
 Need
 Objectives
 Study Area
 Keywords
 Methodology
 Procedure
 Output
 Result
 Conclusion
 Reference
AIM
To study the changes of the shoreline along coastal area between
Kanyakumari and Thoothukudi using Remote Sensing and GIS.

SCOPE
• The project would involve data acquisition, processing and
analysing to identify erosion or accretion.
• This study focuses on the shoreline change analysis using
satellite images of different spatial resolution and temporal
resolution.
NEED

• To provide a comprehensive understanding the state of the coastal

zone and the extent and the rate of shoreline changes occurring in
the region.
• The shoreline change study is necessary for updating the shoreline
change map and management of natural resources along the coast.
OBJECTIVES

• To analyse the rate of change of shoreline along the coastal area

over 2 decades with the help of DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis
System) using ArcGIS software.
• And to estimate the
EPR = End Point Rate(m/year),
LRR = Linear Regression Rate(m/year).
KEYWORDS

• ArcGIS,
• DSAS(Digital Shoreline Analysis System),
• Change Analysis,
• Shoreline Degradation.
STUDY AREA

• The study area is the coast of Southern Tamil Nadu which

comprises the coast of Kanyakumari and Thoothukudi Districts. It
is located between latitudes of 8° 4ʹ 38.25ʺ N to 9° 6ʹ 42.5ʺ N and
longitudes of 77° 5ʹ 14ʺ E to 78° 7ʹ 57.8ʺ E.
• The coastline length of these zones are 72km & 163.5km in
Kanyakumari and in Thoothukudi respectively.
IMAGES OF STUDY AREA

INDIA
TAMIL NADU
SHORELINE ALONG KANYAKUMARI TO THOOTHUKUDI
METHODOLOGY
Satellite Data

Landsat Images (USGS)

2000,2005,2010,2015,2020.

Baseline Creation Shoreline Creation

Digitization of Shoreline

DSAS (v.5.0)

Calculate Shoreline Change

EPR LRR
PROCEDURE

• Download the required landsat images from USGS Earth Explore.

• The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) is an ArcMap
extension created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The tool
is publicly available for download and can be obtained at
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/dsas/.
• Download DSAS v5.0 which supports ArcGIS v10.4.
• Extract the DSASv5.0 zip file to a preferred location to be saved.
• Launch the setup.exe application.
• Choose an installation folder.
• The program will confirm the installation of the tool, click close to
exit.
• The tool is now installed and can be accessed in ArcMap10.4.
• The DSAS toolbar can be opened in ArcMap10.4 by selecting
Customize then Toolbars and selecting the DSAS Toolbar.
• Then create Personal Database as (DSAS Database) for this
project and add the landsat images to create Baseline and Shoreline.
• To create the baseline from the imagery, in the Catalog in ArcMap,
select the DSAS _ database, right-click the database and select
New > Feature Class and name the feature class as baseline. Select
Line feature > Next.
• Then new fields added in feature class as Shape _ Length, ID,
DSAS _ Group, DSAS _ Search then click finish.
• And then create features for baseline as line by start editing.
• Then open attribute table give the ID and DSAS _ Group.
• Similarly, create shoreline feature, then add new fields as SHAPE _
Length, Date _, DSAS _ Uncy.
• Create shoreline for each year as line feature and give the correct
date for the data, then stop editing.
• In DSAS toolbar check the all optional fields for the line feature in
Attribute automator.
• Set default parameters for Baseline, Shoreline and Metadata
settings.
• Then cast the transects with a new name and fix it’s distance.
• The transects layers have been created. Then calculate it’s features
by clicking Calculate rates.
• Therefore we can estimate:

EPR - End Point Rate.

LRR – Linear Regression Rate.

DSAS workflow
OUTPUT

Shoreline
Transects
Transects
• EPR-The end point rate is calculated by dividing the distance of
shoreline movement by the time elapsed between the oldest and the
most recent shoreline. The major advantages of the EPR are the
ease of computation and minimal requirement of only two
shoreline dates. The major disadvantage is that in cases where more
data are available, the additional information is ignored. Changes in
sign (for example, accretion to erosion), magnitude, or cyclical
trends may be missed.
Transects Rates for EPR
EPR
• LRR-A linear regression rate-of-change statistics can be determined
by fitting a least-square regression line to all shoreline points for a
particular transects. The regression line is placed so that the sum of
the squared residuals (determined by squaring the offset distance of
each data point from the regression line and adding the squared
residuals together) is minimized. The linear regression rate is the
slope of the line. The method of linear regression includes these
features, All the data are used, regardless of changes in trend or
accuracy. The method is purely computational, The calculation is
based on accepted statistical concepts.
Transects Rates for LRR
LRR
RESULTS
EPR
40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0
4 211 418 625 832 1039124614531660186720742281248826952902310933163523373039374144
-10.0

-20.0

-30.0

-40.0

-50.0

-60.0

EPR Graph Representation

 END POINT RATE (short term analysis with low accuracy Figure)

CLASSIFICATION RANGE (m)

High erosion > -46

Moderate erosion -46 - -25

Stable -5 – 14

Moderate accretion 14 – 34

High accertion > 34

40.0
LRR

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0
4 202 400 598 796 994 1192139015881786198421822380257827762974317233703568376639644162

-10.0

-20.0

-30.0

-40.0

-50.0

LRR Graph Representation

 LINEAR REGRESSION RATE (statistical analysis)

CLASSIFICATION RANGE (m)

High erosion > -36

Moderate erosion -19 - -2

Stable -2 - 13

Moderate accretion 13 - 30

High accertion > 30

CONCLUSION
• This study clearly demonstrated that the integration of remote
sensing and GIS technology is very useful for long term shoreline
change studies using multispectral images with reasonable
accuracy. The study shows that average erosion rate in study area is
1.16 m/year and accretion rate is 1.62 m/year. Over all mean
shoreline change rate is 0.27 m/year for the Vishakhapatnam Coast.
Out of 135 km coastal length studied high erosion occupied 5.8 km
of coast followed by moderate erosion 46.2 km. Almost 34.7 km
coastal length showed little or no change. Moderate accretion is
found along 30.5 km whereas high accretion trend found around
17.8 km.
• Beach areas have sand bars and free stone particles and
topographically delicate stone which is effectively erodible.
Further, this study may be carried out using high resolution
satellite images or RTK (real-time kinematic) GPS surveys with
new invention like DGPS and Geo tagging applications so as to
demarcate the shoreline more accurately. Littoral drift, tidal action,
near shore bathymetry, construction of seawalls, groins or
breakwaters etc. are factors which are natural as well as manmade
and modify the shoreline configuration. This output could be more
useful for coastal engineers, planners and coastal zone management
authorities to facilitate suitable management plans and regulation
forcoastal areas of India with similar geographic conditions.
REFERENCE

 Mirza Razi Imam Baig, Ishita Afreen Ahmad, Shahfahad,

Mohammad Tayyab & Atiqur Rahman (2020), ‘Analysis of
shoreline changes in Vishakhapatnam coastal tract of Andhra
Pradesh, India: an application of digital shoreline analysis system
(DSAS), Annals of GIS’ 26:4, 361-376.
• Parthasarathy K S S, Abijith Devanatham, Saravanan subbarayan
(2018),‘Shoreline Change Detection Using Geo-Spatial
Techniques-A case Study for Cuddalore Coast’.
 Majid Nazeer, Muhammad Waqas, Muhammad Imran Shahzad,
Ibrahim Zia and Weicheng Wu, (2020) ‘Coastline Vulnerability
Assessment Through Landsat and Cubesats in A Coastal Mega
City’
 Gurugnanam B Remote Sensing and GIS Application for Shoreline
Change Measurement in South East Coastal region of Tamil Nadu,
India (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249-8958 (Online), Volume-9 Issue-3,
February 2020
• Pritam Chand, Prasenjit Acharya,(2010), ‘Shoreline change and sea
level rise along coast of Bhitarkanika wildlife sanctuary, Orissa: An
analytical approach of remote sensing and statistical techniques’
Volume 1, No 3.
Thank you