PUBLIC HEALTH

CONTENTS
The Concept of Public Health Common Health
Problems

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Dengue H-Fever

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GENERAL OBJECTIVES

The students should be able to gain important knowledge on the

concept of public health

The students should be able to identify the common health

problems in the community level as well as their causes

The students should be able to present ways on how public health

concerns
may be addressed.
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 THE CONCEPT OF
1 PUBLIC HEALTH
The Concept of Public Health

1. Public Health involves 3. Sanitation pertains to the hygienic There are seven
policies and actions designed to practice of waste major classes of
promote the overall health of disposal and keeping the nutrients:
the people in a community. environment within hygienic carbohydrates,
2. Hygiene refers to the standards. fats, fiber,
practices aimed towards 4. Nutrition refers to the balanced minerals,
preventing diseases and the intake of the nutrients necessary to protein,
maintenance of health through enable the human body or parts of vitamins, and
cleanliness and healthy living the body to perform its functions. water These
Many health problems may be nutrient classes
prevented with a healthy diet. Diet
can be 5
refers to what a person eats.
CAUSES OF MALNUTRITON

1.Lack of sufficient budget for

food
2. Lack of knowledge on the
nutritional values of foods
3. Lack of knowledge on proper
food preparation
4. Incorrect feeding practices
5. Unavailability of nutritious
food or food shortage
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EFFECTS OF MALNUTRITION TO
CHILDREN
1. Weak body resistance

2. Weak mental
capability

3. Delay growth

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THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT BREAST-
FEEEDNG
1. Breast milk is the most 2. Colostrum’s (first drop 3. Breast-feeding helps in
nutritious and complete of milk from the mother) the fast recovery of a
food for infants. are rich in antibodies mother's health after
needed by infants to giving birth.
strengthen their
resistance against
infections.
4. It makes the infant 5. Breast-feeding must
closer to the mother. begin immediately after
the child is born.

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SECTION TWO:
COMMON HEALTH
PROBLEMS

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EXAMPLES OF COMMON COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
1. Sore Eyes. Caused by a
virus in which the surface
of the eyeball and the inside
of the eyelids become
inflamed. It may be
transferred by hand contacts
2. Chicken Pox. Highly
contagious disease which affects
young ones during their early
years, but is more severe in
adults. Infection is easily spread
via airborne droplets that are
exhaled or expelled causing
outbreaks in places where there
are person-to-person contacts.
Health centers offer free
vaccination against chicken pox.
3. Cholera or El Tor.
Contagious and serious disease
which is an infection of the
small intestine, characterized
by severe diarrhea that causes a
person to lose up to half a liter
of water an hour. It is caused by
germs taken into the body
through food and drinks.
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EXAMPLES OF COMMON COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
4. Tuberculosis (TB) A highly
contagious bacterial infection
usually affecting the lungs.
This is a disease which is the
most common cause of death in
the Philippines.
5. Typhoid Fever. A bacterial
infection that first attacks the
intestines. And then spreads to
the liver, spleen and gall
bladder. The disease is highly
infectious, transmitted through
contaminated water and food
Even after a person has
recovered from typhoid fever, he
may remain a carrier of bacteria
for years.
6. Diarrhea. Is a loose, watery
stool. A person with diarrhea
typically passes stool more than
three times a day. Acute diarrhea
is a common problem that usually
lasts 1 or 2 days and goes away
on its own without special
treatment.
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SECTION
THREE:
SEXUALLY
“
STD are diseases or infections
which are transmitted between
humans by means of sexual
TRANSMITTE
contact. There are also instances
D DISEASES in which some sexually
(STDS transmitted infections are
transmitted through birth,
needles, breastfeeding or even
by using public toilets

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 EXAMPLES OF STD
1.Genital Herpes. Caused by the herpes simplex viruses type I (HSV-
1) and type 2 (HSV-2). Signs typically appear as one or more blisters
on or around the genitals or rectum. The blisters break, leaving
tender ulcers (sores) that may take two to four weeks to heal the first
time they occur.
2. Syphilis. Caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilis
is passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis
sore. Sores occur mainly on the external genitals, vagina, anus, or in
the rectum.
3. Gonorrhea. Cased by Neisseria gonorrhea, a bacterium that can
grow and multiply easily in the warm, moist areas of the
reproductive tract, including the cervix (opening to the womb), 13
 EXAMPLES OF STD
4.Non-gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) An inflammation of the urethra. The HIV stands for human
symptoms of which can include pain or a burning sensation upon urination, a
immunodeficiency virus,
white/cloudy discharge and a feeling that you need to pass urine frequently,
There are instances that the infected person develops no symptoms. the virus that causes AIDS.
HIV is found in the blood
5. AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
and other body fluids such
a. Acquired. The virus is acquired directly through sexual contact or through as semen, vaginal
other body fluids from the person infected with HIV.
secretions and breast milk
b. Immune It attacks the immune system, the body's defense against illnesses of mothers infected with
c. Deficiency. The body's immune system becomes defenseless and unable to the virus
fight infections once AIDS sets in.
d. Syndrome. Those sick with AIDS will develop a set of symptoms or
diseases as a result of a weakened immune system
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HOW HIV/AIDS is TRANSMITTED

1. Through sexual contact, 3. By receiving

primarily unprotected transfusions of HIV-
vaginal or anal intercourse. infected blood.
Transmission through oral
sex is also possible

2. By sharing needles (used

with syringes) such as those
used as drug paraphernalia. 4. Through transplant of an
HIV-infected organ.

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HOW HIV/AIDS is TRANSMITTED
5. By using contaminated
skin-piercing instruments
like needles, syringes,
razor blades, tattoo needles
or circumcision
instruments.
6. Through injury by
contaminated needles or
other sharp objects.
7. Through prenatal modes,
which means passed from
mother to infant during
pregnancy, childbirth or
breast-feeding.
8. By getting the mucus
membranes such as the eyes
or open wounds splashed
with infected blood or other
body fluids.
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STEPS IN PREVENTING AIDS

1. Maintain a high sense of 2. Be faithful to the 3. Stay away from bad

moral values. partner vices and influences

4. Provide programs that 5. Provide adequate 6. Use other acceptable

will strengthen the family programs and facilities methods prescribed by the
designed to uphold government.
development of young
individuals.

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SECTION
FOUR:
“
Dengue Hemorrhagic-Fever is
one of the common but serious
DENGUE infectious viral diseases found in
H-FEVER sub-tropical countries like the
Philippines. It is an infection
carried by the Aedes Aegypti
mosquito.

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 AEDES AEGYPTI
Dengue fever is transmitted by the mosquito of the genus Aedes aegypti.
Aedes comes from the Greek term meaning unfriendly or unpleasant.
True to its meaning, the mosquito is detested in anyone's household.
Aedes aegypti bites during daytime and breeds in clear stagnant water.
The mosquito is usually found in tropics and subtropics. The adult
mosquito rests in the dark places of the house

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SYMPTOMS OF DENGUE H-FEVER

1. The patient experiences 3, Pain behind the eyes, of

a sudden onset of a high
and prolonged fever. The
fever may last up to seven
days.
2. Joint and muscle pains
which usually come during
is felt by the patient, and the
the initial stage of
infection
which pain is especially
evident when the patient
moves his eyes.
4. Feebleness or weakness,
movement of the entire or
parts of the body will be
very difficult.

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THANKS!
Any questions?

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