Documentation of a comprehend review of a published and unpublished work from secondary sources of data in the areas of specific interest

to the researcher.


1.

Reasons for LR:

To ensure that no important variables that has been found in the past been found repeatedly. Helps the researcher to include all the relevant variables in the research project. Facilitates the creative integration of the information gathered from the structured and unstructured interviews with what is found in previous studies.

2. 3.

Steps in Conducting LR: Identify the various published and unpublished materials that are available on the topics of interest and gaining access to these.

a. b. c. d.

1)

Data sources:
Textbooks e. unpublished manuscript Journals f. reports Theses g. newspaper & Internet Conference proceedings

2) Gathering the relevant information either by going through the necessary materials in a library or by getting access to online sources. 3) Writing up the Literature Review.

Compare and contrast different authors view on an issue

Note areas in which authors are in disagreement

Highlight gaps in research

Show how your study relate to previous studies

Conclude by summarising what the literature says

Introduction

Define and identify general topic

Point out overall trends in what has been published

Established your point of view for reviewing the literature

Body

Summarize the articles that have been reviewed. Determine the comparative with your research area.

Conclusion

Summarize major contribution of significant studies/ articles to the body of knowledge

This study will extend.

Previous work were limited to,I propose to

It has been suggested by previous research that.. be in investigated further

Until now it has not been possible to.. However, my research will.

Until now, this issue/area has not been understood, however, I will.

Reporting Verbs

Category

Acknowledge

Author conceding a point of potential weaknesses Author making a point to develop/ justify her/his argument Author not fully arguing a point

Argue/ establish/ find/ claim

Assume/ take for granted

Challenge/ reject/support

Authors references to other authors Authors drawing readers attention to a particular attention

Focus on/ insist/note/ observe

Sample of LR (APA format) sample_apa_style_litreview[1].pdf

American Association Psychological (APA) Format

1. Your list of works cited should begin at the end of the paper on a new page with the centered title,

References.

2. Alphabetize the entries in your list by the author's last name, using the letter-by-letter system (ignore spaces and other punctuation. 3. Only the initials of the first and middle names are given. 4. If the author's name is unknown, alphabetize by the title, ignoring any A, An, or The.

5. For dates, spell out the names of months in

6.

7.

8.

the text of your paper. Use either the day-month-year style (22 July 1999) or the month-day-year style (July 22, 1999) and be consistent. All APA citations should use hanging indents, that is, the first line of an entry should be flush left, and the second and subsequent lines should be indented 1/2". If there is more than one author, use an ampersand (&) before the name of the last author. If there are more than six authors, list only the first one and use et al. for the rest.

Books Format: Author's last name, first initial. (Publication date). Book title. Additional information. City of publication: Publishing company.
Examples:

Allen, T. (1974). Vanishing wildlife of North America. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.

Encyclopedia & Dictionary Format: Author's last name, first initial. (Date). Title of Article. Title of Encyclopedia (Volume, pages). City of publication: Publishing company.

Examples: Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.

Magazine & Newspaper Articles Format: Author's last name, first initial. (Publication date). Article title. Periodical title, volume number(issue number if available), inclusive pages. Examples: Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal

of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

Website or Webpage Note: When citing Internet sources, refer to the specific website document. If a document is undated, use "n.d." (for no date) immediately after the document title. Break a lengthy URL that goes to another line after a slash or before a period. Examples: Devitt, T. (2001, August 2). Lightning injures four at music festival. The Why? Files. Retrieved January 23, 2002, from http://whyfiles.org/137lightning/index.html Dove, R. (1998). Lady freedom among us. The Electronic Text Center. Retrieved June 19, 1998, from Alderman Library, University of Virginia website:http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/subjects/afam .html