ADVANCED ACADEMY

Indore, M.P – 452010

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
TANGENT GALVANOMETER 1
2023-24

SUBMITTED BY :
VED PATEL {XII- A}
SUBMITTED TO :
KAVITA PATEL
CBSE ROLL NO.:
 CERTIFICAT
E 2
This is to certify that this “Physics Investigatory Project
” on the topic “Tangent Galvanometer ” has been
successfully completed by VED PATEL of class XII-A
under the guidance of Mrs . KAVITA PATEL in
particular fulfilment of the curriculum of Central Board
of Secondary Education {CBSE} leading to the award of
annual examination of the year 2023-24

1.Teacher In-Charge

2.External Examiner Principal

 ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
T
I have taken efforts in this project . However, it
would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals.

I would like to thank my principal MRS. USHA3

KIRAN TOMAR and school for providing me
with facilities required to do my project .

I am highly indebted to my physics

teacher ,MRS.KAVITA PATEL , for her
invaluable guidance which has sustained my
efforts in all the stages of this project work.

I would also like to thank my parents for their

continuous support and encouragement

My thanks and appreciations also go to my

fellow classmates and the laboratory assistant in
developing the project and to the people who
have willingly helped me out with their
abilities.
 INDEX
S.NO
TOPIC PAGE
NO.

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE TANGENT

GALVANOMETER
6

INDEX
2. ABOUT THE TANGENT GALVANOMETER 7

3. TANGENT LAW AND ITS APPLICATIONS 8

4
4. BASICS OF MAGNETIC FIELD 9

5. CONSTRUCTION OF THE TANGENT

GALVANOMETER
10

6. WORKING OF THE TANGENT GALVANOMETER 11

7. APPLICATIONS OF TANGENT GALVANOMETER 12

8. ADVANTAGES AND DIS ADVANTAGES 13

9. ACTIVITY (EXPERIMENT) 14-

17

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY 18

11. END OF THE PROJECT 19

 THE TANGENT
GALVANOMETER

5
Introduction to the Tangent
Galvanometer

• Definition and background :

A tangent galvanometer is an early
measuring instrument used for the 6
measurement of electric current. It works
by using a compass needle to compare a
magnetic field generated by the unknown
current to the magnetic field of the Earth.
• Importance of learning about the Tangent
Galvanometer:
it makes possible the investigation of the
vector nature of magnetic fields and it
helps in understanding how they add
vectorially. One can easily verify the
relationship between the magnetic field
inside the current loop, the current itself,
and the number of turns with a tangent
galvanometer.
About the Tangent
Galvanometer

• Explanation of the name

(Tangent Galvanometer):
7
as It acts in accordance with the
principle of tangent law.
• Principle of the Tangent
Galvanometer:
The tangent galvanometer works
on the principle of tangent law of
magnetism which is used to
measure the strength between
two magnetic fields present
perpendicular to each other.
Tangent law and its
applications

• Tangent Law states that when a bar

magnet is left suspended in the
influence of a magnetic field at 8
right angle with the Earth's
Magnetic Field's Horizontal
Component , it comes to rest at an
angle such that tan θ = B/Bh
• it can be used to find the remaining
parts of a triangle if two angles and
one side or two sides and one angle
are given which are referred to as
side-angle-side(SAS) and angle-
side-angle(ASA), from the
congruence of triangles concept.
Basics of Magnetic field

• The magnetic field is the area around a

magnet in which the effect of magnetism
is felt. We use the magnetic field as a tool 9
to describe how the magnetic force is
distributed in the space around and
within something magnetic in nature.
 Construction of the Tangent
Galvanometer

• Components of the Tangent

Galvanometer:
Tangent Galvanometer comprises a 10
vertical circular coil consisting of
conducting wire and a small compass
needle fixed at the centre of the coil.
• Materials used in building the
Tangent Galvanometer:
Tangent Galvanometer (TG) consists
of copper coil wounded on a non-
magnetic circular frame. The frame is
made up of brass or wood which is
mounted vertically on a horizontal
base table (turn table) with three
levelling screws
• Technical specifications of the
Tangent Galvanometer
Working of the Tangent
Galvanometer

• Setting up the Tangent Galvanometer

• Procedure for taking measurements:
The compass is used to align the coil in a 11
north to south manner. The needle is then
lined up with the coil’s direction. This
way, when there is an application of
current; one can measure the angle the
needle turns.
The rotation of the compass needle can
take place in any horizontal direction.
Also, there are four quadrants on a scale
on the device. Each of these quadrants
equals a quarter of a circle. One can read
the scale by analysing the pointer that is
attached to the needle at a 90-degree
angle.
• Recording and interpreting the results
Application of Tangent
galvanometer

• Use of the Tangent

Galvanometer in determining
the magnetic fields: 12
It helps in investigating the
magnetic field at the central
portion of a loop of wire that
carries current
• Tangent Galvanometer is used
in current measurements
• Applications in the study of
electricity and magnetism
Tangent Galvanometer

Advantages Dis- Advantages 13

• High precision • Limited range

and accuracy of
• Easy to use measurements
and maintain • Sensitive to
• Cost effective external
compared to magnetic field
other • Limited
instruments portability and
flexibility
Activity based learning with the
Tangent Galvanometer

14
15
16
1
BIBLIOGRAPH
Y
•Illustrative Oxford book
•NCERT practical book 18
•Wikipedia reference
articles
•NCERT physics text book
•Class 12 lab manual-
physics
•Introduction physical
science
END OF THE
PROJECT
19

THANK YOU !