ET-42053

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS

Lecture-3

Prepared by : W.M.D. Kasun Chamikara Weerakoon

B.Sc.Eng.(Hons) USJP, M.Sc. In Industrial automation (Reading)
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Timing diagrams

Timing diagrams represents how the ladder logic program respond to the changing states of the
inputs and outputs
E.g. 1:
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E.g.2 :
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We will look at the set and reset memories

in a later slide
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Set and Reset memories

Set memory Reset memory

• Bit represent the memory bit and N represent the number of bit set or reset once the input is
received.

Set Reset
When setting any When setting any
0-bit, it becomes 1 1-bit, it becomes 0
0→1 and any 1-bit stays 0→0 and any 0-bit stays
1→1 the same 1→0 the same
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Consider following examples

• When the memory Q0.1 receives an input, the memory is set for 3 bits counting from Q0.1
(Q0.1, Q0.2 and Q0.3)
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Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Before an input from I0.0, the output memory appears as above

Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7

0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

After an input from I0.0, the output memory updates as above

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Let’s modify the circuit as follows

• As mentioned previously, when an input from I0.0 is received, the 3 memory bits counting
from Q0.1 are set (Q 0.1, Q0.2, Q0.3)
• When an input from I0.1 is received, 2 memory bits counting from Q0.2 are reset (Q0.2 and
Q0.3 become reset)
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Input received
from I0.0

Input received
from I0.1
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Special Note :

• When there are multiple networks, the flow can be represented in the following manner

• Each rung represent the networks of the ladder program

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Problem 1

Two push buttons A and B are wired to I0.0 and I0.1 ports in S7-200 PLC. The indicator wired to
Q0.0 port. When the A push button is pressed once, the indicator will turn on and keep
indicating. The indicator will turn off and keep off when the B push button is pressed once. Write
the ladder program to implement the system
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Answer
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Self-latching circuit

• The previous example can be done using a special block arrangement called self-latching
circuit

• In this arrangement, the output Q0.0 has been given as input to the circuit
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Timers

• Timer is a instruction that can be used to delay inputs or outputs in a PLC program for a
specific time period

• There are mainly 3 different types of timers used in the ladder programs

1. On-delay timers (TON)

2. Off-delay timers(TOF)**

3. Retentive on-delay timers(TONR)**

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On-delay timers(TON)

• TON is an instruction that count time when input is given

• When the time counted (Called as the current time or current value) is greater than equal to
the preset time, timer bit become 1.
• Current value is cleared when the input is turned off

IN :Input(Enabling output)
TON :On-delay
PT :Preset
Preset time = 10 × 100ms
= 1000ms = 1s (Preset time)
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On-delay timers(TON)
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Timer resolutions and timer numbers

• For TON timers, you may use timers within this range
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Counters

• PLC counter is an instruction that can be used to count input or output signals in the ladder
program

• Mainly, there are 3 types of counters

1. Up-counters (CTU)

2. Down-counters(CTD)**

3. Up-down counters (CTUD)

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Up-counters

CU : Count-up

R : Reset

PV : Preset value =10

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Up-down counters

CU- Count Up
CD – Count down
R – Reset
PV-Preset value =10