Matter

General Chemistry 1
CONTENT
STANDARD
 Properties of Matter
 Physical

 Chemical
 Physical States of Matter
 Classification of Matter
Elements and Compound
 Mixtures
 Ways to Separate Mixtures
PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
 Physical Property
 Chemical Property
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Why are windows made of glass?
In this lesson, you
will learn how
properties can be
used to classify
and identify
matter.
  What you observe when you look at a
particular sample of matter is its properties.

 Is a solid shiny or dull?

 Does a liquid flow quickly or slowly?
 Is a gas odorless, or does it have a smell?

 Properties used to describe matter can be classified as

extensive or intensive properties.
1. Physical Property
 Characteristic or trait of matter that can be observed or perceived
with our senses.
 No change in its chemical composition.

Color
Shape can be perceived by
Texture senses.
Smell
A. Intensive Physical Property
 is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not
the amount of matter.

For example:
 There are properties to consider when selecting
a basketball besides mass and volume.
 The outer covering may be made of leather, rubber,
or a synthetic composite.
– Each of these materials has different properties
that make the basketballs suitable for different
playing situations.
A. Intensive Physical Property
1. Ductility
• the ability of substance to be stretched into wire.

2. Malleability
• ability of the substance to be hammered or transformed into
thin sheets.
A. Intensive Physical Property
3. Diffusion
• ability of matter to be scattered or spread out.
B. Extensive Physical Property
 An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of
matter in a sample.
Example:
 Size
 Mass
 Volume
 Density
 Length
 Width
 If the amount of matter or particles is increased, it may cause
change in the size, mass, volume, density, length and width of an
object.
2. Chemical Property
 the characteristics or trait that can be observed when a matter
reacts to another substances.

Example:
 Flammability of Paper
 Rusting of iron
PHYSICAL STATES
OF MATTER
 Solid
 Liquid
 Gas
CLASSIFICATION
OF MATTER
 Pure Substance
 Mixture
1. Pure Substance
• Elements
• Compounds

Elements – simplest form of matter

Example: Carbon (C), Oxygen (O)

Compound – two or more elements chemically combined

in a fixed proportion.
Example: H2O, CO2
2. Mixtures
 is a physical blend of two or
more components, each of which
retains its own identity and
properties.
 The parts or components of a
mixture are simply mixed
together physically and can
usually be separated.
 Example: halu-halo, chicken
macaroni soup
Classification of Mixture
 Homogeneous Mixture
 Heterogeneous Mixture

Homogeneous Mixture
 is a mixture in which the composition
throughout is uniform
 consists of single phase

Heterogeneous Mixture
 mixture in which composition is not
uniform throughout
 consists of two or more phases
WAYS OF
SEPARATING
MIXTURE
1. Filtration
 Used in separating insoluble solids from a liquid (filtrate).
Example: to separate sand from a mixture of sand and water.
2. Evaporation
 used in separating a soluble solid form a liquid.
Example: salt solution
3. Chromatography
 used in separating mixtures of dissolved substances that have
different colors, such as inks and plant dyes.
 Some colored substances dissolve in a certain solvent better
than others do, so they travel farther up the paper through
adsorption and capillary action.

Example:

paper chromatography
4. Simple Distillation
 used in separating a volatile liquid from non-volatile substances
in a solution.
 Miscible liquids with different boiling points.

For example, water can be separated from the salt in salty water by
simple distillation. The water evaporates from the solution but it is
then cooled and condensed as it passes in a glass tube called
condenser. The condensed liquid is then collected as the distillate.