KAPALA ROGAS -

MODERN
CAPUT SUCCEDANEUM

• A condition in which edema occurs on an infant’s

scalp shortly after delivery

• Edematous fluctuant pitting mass that crosses the

cranial sutures – pathognomonic finding

• Benign condition
• Risk factors
• Extended labor
• Operative vaginal delivery – vacuum assisted &
forceps assisted
• Oligohydramnios
• Primigravida pregnancy
• Braxton – Hicks contractions
• Premature rupture of membrane
• Maximum size & firmness at birth

• Softens progressively from birth

• Diagnosis - On physical examination

• Management - Majority self resolve in 48hrs

SCALP FOLLICULITIS

• Folliculitis – inflammation of hair follicles

• Fungal / bacterial origin

• Risk factors
• Acne
• Dermatitis
• Weakened immune system
• Damage of hair follicles occur due to
• Frequently scratching/rubbing the head
• Tugging on / twisting the hair
• Frequently wearing hats

• Signs & symptoms

• Clusters of tiny red bumps on scalp with white tip
• Sores with yellowish brown scabs
• Itching/burning sensation/pain
• Management
• Warm compress
• Antibacterial soap
• Antidandruff shampoo containing antifungal agents
• Antibiotic ointments
• Washing hats, bedding, combs…
SCALP ACNE
• Pimples and breakouts that develop on the scalp or
hairline
• Develop when hair follicles become clogged by a
buildup of dead skin cells or excess sebum
ALOPECIA

• Disease that develops when the body attacks its own hair follicles
which can cause hair loss anywhere on the body

• Hair loss – unpredictable

• Hair may regrow without treatment ,when regrows may or may not
fall out again

• Can begin at any age – more during childhood / teenage years

• Types
• Alopecia areata – patchy baldness over scalp ,beard ,eyebrows ,eyelashes..

• Diffuse alopecia areata – diffuse loss of hair all over the scalp

• Alopecia areata monolocularis – baldness only on one spot

• Alopecia areata multilocularis

• Alopecia areata barbae – limited to beard only

• Ophiasis - hair loss on the shape of a wave at the circumference of head

• Alopecia totalis - loss of hair on scalp

• Alopecia universalis – loss of all hair , leaves the body hairless

• Treatment
• Corticosteroid application

• Corticosteroid injections

• Rapid hair loss

• Topical immunotherapy

• Wig/hairpiece/scalp prosthesis

• Loss of eyebrows
• Stick on eyebrows

• Intralesional corticosteroids

• Semipermanent tattoo
• Can cause psychological stress – lead to significant changes in
appearance – social phobia , anxiety & depression

Ophiasis
HAIR LOSS

• Signs & symptoms

• Gradual thinning of hair
• Widening part
• Bald spot that grows slowly
• Causes
• Hereditary • Hair treatments

• Age • Hormonal imbalance

• Alopecia areata • Thyroid dysfunction

• Cancer treatment , medications • Scalp infection , psoriasis

• Child birth , illness /other stresses • Iron ,protein , zinc deficiency

• Treatment
• Micro needling
• Injection of corticosteroids
• Hair transplant
PREMATURE GRAYING OF HAIR

• Graying of hair before the age of

• 20 years – Caucasians
• 25 years – Asians
• 30 years – Africans

• Autosomal dominant primary disease

• Cause – multifactorial
• Nutritional
• Vit D deficiency
• Vit B12 deficiency
• Iron deficiency
• Genetic
• Environmental
• Smoking
 Stress

Over activation of sympathetic nervous system

Increases nor adrenaline release in hair follicles

Depletion of melanocyte stem cells which are required to produce melanin

• Management

• Due to melanocyte stem cell interruption – photo bio modulation for cellular
rejuvenation

• Topical anti ageing compounds

DANDRUFF

• Skin condition mainly affect the scalp

• Severe condition – seborrheic dermatitis

• Causes – unclear

• Possibly due to the result of 3 factors

• Skin oil / sebum

• Metabolic by products of skin micro organisms

• Individual susceptibility & allergy sensitivity

• As the skin layers continually replace themselves , cells are pushed outward
where they die & flake off

• For most individuals these flakes of skin are too small to be visible

• For people with dandruff skin cells may mature & shed in 2-7 days as opposed
to around a month in people without dandruff
• Symptoms
• Itchy scalp
• Flakes
• Red & greasy patches of skin

• Treatment
• Antifungals – ketoconazole , selenium disulfide , zinc pyrithione
SEBORRHOEIC DERMATITIS

• Redness , itching around the folds of nose,

eyebrow areas ,scalp …

• Dry , thick , well defined lesions consisting

of large silvery scales