PRINCIPLE OF A JET ENGINE

INTRODUCTION
• A jet engine is a reaction engine that discharges a fast moving jet
which generates thrust by jet propulsion in accordance with Newton's
laws of motion. This broad definition of jet engines includes turbojets,
turbofans, rockets, ramjets, and pulse jets. jet engine is nothing but a
Gas Turbine.
HISTORY OF JET ENGINE
• The first jet engine was built by Egyptian scientists during 100 B.C
• This device was known as Aeolipile.
• Jet propulsion only took off with the invention of the gunpowder-
powered rocket by the Chinese in the 13th century.
Heinkel He 178, the world's first aircraft to fly purely on turbojet power
HOW DOES AN AEROPLANE FLY
 PRINCIPLE OF JET
ENGINE :
• Principle of jet engine is based on Newton’s second and third law of
motion.

• Second law states that the rate of change of momentum in any

direction is proportional to the force acting in that direction.

• Third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction.
WORKING OF JET
ENGINE
WORKING OF JET
ENGINE
1)Sucks in air from front with fan

2)A compressor raises the pressure of the air

3)Then the compressed air is ignited

4)Gas expands and comes out nozzle

5)Engine thrusts Aircraft forward

PARTS OF JET
ENGINE

• Air intake (Fan)

• Compressor

• Combustion chamber
• Turbine
• Nozzle
 PARTS OF JET
ENGINE
Air intake

Air intake (Fan) Compressor

 PARTS OF JET
ENGINE

Combustion chamber Turbine

 CYCLE

Ideal thermodynamic cycle divided into following

process:
1-Isentropic compression process
2-Isobaric heat addition process
3-Isentropic expansion process
4-Isobaric heat rejection process
 ENGINE
• TURBOJET ENGINE

The turbojet is an airbreathing jet engine, usually used in aircrafts.

It consists of a gas turbine with a propelling nozzle.
The gas turbine has an air inlet, a compressor, a combustion chamber,
and a turbine (that drives the compressor).
TURBOFAN

The word "turbofan" is combination of "turbine" and "fan": the turbo

portion refers to a gas turbine engine which takes mechanical energy
from combustion, and the fan, a ducted fan that uses the mechanical
energy from the gas turbine to accelerate air rearwards.
 TURBOPROP

A turboprop engine is a turbine engine that drives an aircraft propeller.

In contrast to a turbojet, the engine's exhaust gases do not contain
enough energy to create significant thrust, since almost all of the
engine's power is used to drive the propeller.
Harbin Y-12 Twin Engine Turboprop Utility Aircraft
 RAMJE
T

-Ramjets cannot produce thrust at zero airspeed;

they cannot move an aircraft from a standstill.
-A ramjet-powered vehicle, therefore, requires an assisted take-off like a
rocket assist to accelerate it to a speed where it begins to produce thrust.
-Ramjets work most efficiently at supersonic speeds around Mach 3
It is a form of airbreathing jet engine that uses the engine's
forward motion to compress incoming air without an axial
compressor.
 TURBOSHA
FT

A turboshaft engine is a form of gas turbine which is optimized to

produce shaft power rather than jet thrust.
They are even more similar to turboprops, with only minor differences,
and a single engine is often sold in both forms.
MERITS & DEMERITS
Merits of Jet engine over IC engine

 Mechanical efficiency of jet engine is high as compared to IC engine.

 Speed of jet engine per HP developed is higher than IC engine.

 Ignition and lubricating systems are much simpler in jet engine than IC
engine.
Demerits Of Jet Engines Over IC engine
• Thermal efficiency of Jet engine is low compared to IC engine.

• Difficult to start.

• Turbine blades need a special cooling system due high temperature.

 APPLICATIONS OF JET
ENGINE
• The industry they’re most prominent in the transport industry, where
they are used to propel aircraft, boats, and in some one of creations
such as a turbojet powered truck.
• The first use of the jet engine was to power military aircraft.
• Normal type of jet engine is used for domestic purpose i.e. Traveling,
carrying goods etc.
• As industrial gas turbine for power generation , natural gas , oil pumps
etc.