BAB 1

Social Structure
And
Social Differentiation
 Meaning Of Social Structure

George
GeorgeC.C.Homan:
Homan:
Associates
AssociatesSocial
Social Talcott
TalcottParsons:
Parsons:
Structure
Structurewith
with IsIsHuman
HumanInteraction
Interaction
elementary
elementarysocial
social
behavior
behaviorinindaily
dailylive
live
Social
Social
Structure
Structure
Kornblum: Coleman:
Coleman:
Kornblum: IsIsaapattern
IsIsaapattern
patternbehavior
behavior patternofofhuman
human
Of Interaction
Interactionamong
OfIndividuals
Individualsandand People
among
Group
Groupandandits
its Peopleand
andgroup
groupofof
Continues people
Continuespattern
pattern people
 Meaning of Social Structure

SOERJONO
SOERJONOSOEKANTO
SOEKANTO
ABDUL
ABDULSYANISYANI As a mutual relationship
AAsocial As a mutual relationship
social orderinin
order
Social
society SocialStructure
Structure Between
Betweensocial
socialposition
Social
positionand
roles
and
society Social roles

Characteristic
Characteristic
Of
Ofsocial
social 1.Refers to primary social relationship
1.Refers to primary social relationship
2.Includes all kinds of social interaction
2.Includes all kinds of social interaction
3.The culture of society
3.The culture of society
4.Associated with static social realities
4.Associated with static social realities
5.Is empirical and constant
5.Is empirical and constant
Function and Forms of Social
Structure

M.
M.Polak
Polak Peter
Peter MM Blau
Blau
Function
Functionofofsocial
social Form
Form of
of social
social Structure:
Structure:
structure:
structure:
 As a social supervisor.
 Intersected
Intersected social
social
 As a social supervisor.
structure
structure (campuran)
(campuran)
 As a base to instill
 As a base to instill  Consolidated
Consolidated social
social
social
socialdisciplines
disciplineswithin
within structure
structure (penguat
(penguat
group
groupororsociety
society identitas
identitas ras)
ras)
 Social
Social Differentiation
Differentiation
Vertical
VerticalClassification
Classification

Social
Social
Differentiation
Differentiation
Social
SocialDiversity:
Diversity:
Social Race,
Race,ethnic,
ethnic,clan
clanand
andreligion
SocialDifferentiation
Differentiationisis religion
AAhorizontal
horizontal
classification
classification
ofofsociety
societybase
baseon
onthe
the
same characteristic
same characteristic Social
Socialheterogeneity:
heterogeneity:
Occupation
Occupationand
andgender
gender
 Social
Social Differentiation
Differentiation

 Horizontal
Horizontal Factor
FactorOf
OfSocial
Social
differentiation;
differentiation; Differentiation
differentiation Differentiation
differentiationwithout
without  Physical Features
see  Physical Features
seethe
thedifferent
different
position
positionof
ofsomeone
someoneinin  Self Competency
 Self Competency
society
society(perbedaan
(perbedaanyang
yang  Geography
tidak  Geography
tidakmenunjukkan
menunjukkantinggi
tinggi
rendahnya posisi seseorang)
rendahnya posisi seseorang)  Culture
 Culture

 Vertical
VerticalDifferentiation;
Differentiation;  Social Background
social  Social Background
socialDifferentiation
Differentiation
based
basedonontheir
theirposition
position
ininsociety
society((perbedaan
perbedaan
individu
individuyang
yangmenunjukkan
menunjukkan
perbedaan
perbedaan posisisosial
posisi sosial
seseorang)
seseorang)
Differentiation in social
diversity
 Base
Base on
on the
the physical
physical Features;
Features; Example
Example
Skin
Skin color,
color, Nose,
Nose, Hair.
Hair. This
This physical
physical
characteristic
characteristic called
called quantitative
quantitative phenotype.
phenotype.
 Based on Social Characteristic; the different
Based on Social Characteristic; the different
occupation
occupation
 Base on Culture: related with their life
Base on Culture: related with their life
principle
principle and
and religion.
religion.
Form of Differentiation
 Race Differentiation
 Ethnic differentiation
 Clan differentiation
 Religion differentiation
 Occupation
differentiation
 Gender differentiation
 Race differentiation
Other
OtherRace:
Race:
33primary
primaryrace:
race: 1.Australoid
1.Mongoloid 1.Australoid
1.Mongoloid Ralph
RalphLinton
Linton 2.Veddoid
2.Veddoid
2.Negroid
2.Negroid 3.Polynesian
3.Caucasiod 3.Polynesian
3.Caucasiod 4.Ainu
4.Ainu

Physical Physical
Physical
Physical Characteristic
Characteristic
Characteristic Characteristic

Primary
Primaryrace
race Other
Otherrace:
race:
1.Mongoloid A.L
1.Mongoloid
2.Negroid
A.LKroeber
Kroeber 1.Bushman
1.Bushman
2.Negroid 2.Veddoid
3.Caucasoid 2.Veddoid
3.Caucasoid 3.Polynesia
4.Australoid 3.Polynesia
4.Australoid 4.Ainu
4.Ainu
 Race differentiation
Geography
Geographyand
andclimate
climate
condition
condition

Factor
Factor
Differentiation
Differentiation
Based Food
Food
Basedon on
Physical
Physical

Marriage
Marriage
(amalgamasi)
(amalgamasi)
 Ethnic Differentiation

 Indonesia have 316 The

Thesame
samebasic
basicaspects
aspects
ethnic ( C. Van Hollen as
asfollow:
follow:
Houven) or according  Social foundation
 Social foundation
Prof. Dr. based
Koentjaraningrat there basedon onfamilial
familial
principle
principle
are 119 ethnic  Same principles
 Same principles
Separated in 5 Island : regarding
regardingland


Sumatera, Java, land

ownership
ownershiprights
rights
Sulawesi, Nusa  Share belief in equality
 Share belief in equality
Tenggara and Maluku right
rightbefore
beforethethe
customary
customarylaw law
 A same union which
 A same union which
not
notmade
madebutbutgiven
given
 Clan differentiation
 Clan is often alluded to kinship, large
family or extended family.the term is
defined as genealogy
unity(keturunan), religion
(kepercayaan) and Tradition.
 Form Of Clan:
1. Clan based on mother (matrilineal)
2. Clan based on Father (patrilineal)
 Religion
Differentiation
 Religion Component:
- Faith
- Religion ceremonial
- Temple
- Follower
 Religion and Society
 Occupation and Gender Differentiation

Occupation
Differentiation Gender
Differentiation
 Classification based  A roles based on the
on occupation sexuality
 Related with special  No same classification
competency between men and
example: teacher women
 ANALISIS

Diferensiasi
Diferensiasisosial
sosialmerupakan
merupakansesuatu
sesuatuyangyang
tidak
tidakmenunjukkan
menunjukkanbahwabahwasatusatuindividu
individulebih
lebih
tinggi
tinggidibandingkan
dibandingkanindividu
individulain.
lain.Namun
Namun
mengapa
mengapapadapadakenyataannya
kenyataannyaseseorang
seseorang
dianggap
dianggaplebih
lebihtinggi
tinggidari
dariorang
oranglain,
lain,
misalkan
misalkanseorang
seorangdokter
dokterlebih
lebihtinggi
tinggidari
dari
seorang
seorangburuh
buruhtani
taniatau
ataupria
prialebih
lebihtinggi
tinggi
daripada
daripadawanita.
wanita.
 Lakukan refleksi atau analisa mengenai
 Lakukan refleksi atau analisa mengenai
fenomena
fenomenadiferensiasi
diferensiasisosial
sosialyang
yangterjadi
terjadi
seperti
sepertiyang
yangdigambarkan
digambarkandidiatas.
atas.