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Cement & Concrete 2023
Cement & Concrete 2023
•Ratio of Water Content of Concrete Mix This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC.
•Conclusion
•In concrete mix there are some steps
and procedures like proper water mix,
Portland cement, sand, and stone aggregates.
We also found during the process of mixing
that more or less water makes the
concrete more workable or less workable. The
slump test is perfect for this kind of mix.
Grades of Concrete
Normal
Concrete
Grades
Grades of Concrete
Standard
Concrete
Grades
Grades of Concrete
High
Strength
Concrete
Grades
Types of Quality
Testing
• There are several types of quality testing that can be conducted on concrete
batching plants.
• These tests are conducted on a regular basis to ensure the quality of the concrete
produced. If any issues are identified, corrective action can be taken to ensure the
quality of the concrete produced meets the required standards
Visual
Inspection
Visual inspection - Visual inspections are
an important part of quality control when it
comes to concrete batching plants. A
trained eye can identify any issues with the
concrete mix, such as incorrect proportions
of components or foreign objects.
Visual Defect of Concrete
• Different types of defects in concrete structures can
be cracking, crazing, blistering, delamination, dusting,
curling, efflorescence, scaling and spalling.
Rust stains are caused by corroded steel below the surface which has an inadequate
cover, or by corroded steel that is fully exposed due to spall or poor craftsmanship.
The process of corrosion of reinforcement yields oxidation products which expand
and tend to flake. The expansion of the oxidation products leads to cracking and
decreases the bond the concrete originally had with the rebar.
Rust stains are brownish–red in color and are detected using the visual survey. The
identification of rust stains on the surface of a concrete structure is critical because they
represent where corroded reinforcement is located below the surface. Ultimately, the
process of visually noticing rust staining will save the time and money necessary for
non–destructive tests to determine the actual location of the corroded steel.
Efflorescence (Leaching)
Visual Defect of
Concrete Efflorescence is formed as a result of water
finding a way into the concrete through cracks
or openings at the surface, evaporating, and
leaving behind salts and other minerals which
were picked up on the way into or through the
concrete (i.e. water may pick up contaminants
from the soil before it reaches the exterior
surface of the concrete).