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Food-Drug Interactions

• What happens during a food-medicine interaction?

• Food-medicine interactions can happen with both
prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medicines.

• These include antacids, vitamins, iron pills, herbs,

supplements, and beverages.
• The food we eat gives our bodies the "information" and materials they
need to function properly. If we don't get the right information, our
metabolic processes suffer and our health declines.
• If we get too much food, or food that gives our bodies the wrong
instructions, we can become overweight, undernourished, and at risk for
the development of diseases and conditions, such as arthritis, diabetes,
and heart disease.
• In short, what we eat is central to our health. Consider that in light of
Webster's definition of medicine: "The science and art dealing with the
maintenance of health and the prevention, alleviation, or cure of disease."
• Food acts as medicine--to maintain, prevent, and treat disease.
Nutrients and Metabolize
• Some nutrients can affect the way you metabolize certain medicines by binding with
the medicine's ingredients.
• This reduces their absorption or speeds their elimination.
• For example, the acidity of fruit juice may decrease the effectiveness of antibiotics such
as penicillin.
• Dairy products may blunt the infection-fighting effects of tetracycline. Some green leafy
vegetables can cancel out the effects of warfarin, an anticoagulant medicine.
• One kind of antidepressants called MAO inhibitors are dangerous when mixed with
foods or drinks that contain tyramine. These include beer, red wine, chocolate,
processed meat, avocados, and some cheeses. Grapefruit juice can interfere with some
blood pressure medicines and organ transplant medicines by increasing their metabolic
breakdown. Some medicines are only absorbed if they are taken with a full meal or
even a meal high in fat content.
Not all medicines are affected by food
• Not all medicines are affected by food, but many can be affected by
what you eat and when you eat it.
• Sometimes, taking medicines at the same time you eat may interfere
with the way your stomach and intestines absorb medicine.
• Other medicines are recommended to be taken with food.
• Be sure to ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for specific
directions on eating before or after taking any medicine
Remember about food-medicine interactions

• Be aware of the following:

• Ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider if there are foods, beverages, vitamins, or
supplements you should avoid with your medicines.
• Read the prescription label on the container. If you do not understand something, or
think you need more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
• Read directions, warnings, and interaction precautions printed on all medicine labels
and instructions. Even over-the-counter medicines can interact with foods, beverages,
or supplements.
• Take medicine with a full glass of water unless told otherwise by your pharmacist or
healthcare provider.
• Do not stir medicine into your food or take capsules apart (unless directed by your
pharmacist or healthcare provider). This may change the way the medicine works.
• Check with your pharmacist or healthcare provider before taking vitamin pills at the
same time you take medicine—vitamins and minerals can interact with some
medicines.
• Do not mix medicine into hot drinks, because the heat from the drink may destroy the
effectiveness of the medicine.
• Never take medicine with alcoholic drinks. Alcohol can change medicine absorption
and may increase or decrease the effectiveness of many medicines.
• Be sure to tell your healthcare provider and pharmacist about all medicines you are
taking, both prescription and nonprescription.
• Obtain all your medicines from one pharmacy and tell your pharmacist about any
OTC, supplements, herbs, or vitamins that you take.
• Keep all medicines in their original containers so they can be easily identified.
connection between food and disease ?

DISEASES
What is the connection between food and disease?

• As a society we are facing significant health problems.

• The United States ranks ninth in life expectancy among nations in the developed world.
• We have a workforce plagued with absenteeism and reduced productivity because of chronic health
problems, including depression.
• 78 percent of healthcare expenditures are for the treatment of chronic disease.
• Many researchers now believe that these problems are partly related to diet. While they used to believe
that diseases-such as type II diabetes, obesity, heart disease, stroke, and certain cancers - were caused by a
single gene mutation, they are now generally attributing these conditions to a network of biological
dysfunction. And the food we eat is an important factor in that dysfunction, in part because our diets lack
the necessary balance of nutrients (Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2004).
Learn about specific nutrients you need and how to get them
• To prevent the onset of these diseases, we need to know how multiple nutrients in a diet interact and affect
the human body's functions, according to the Nutrition Society, Europe's largest nutritional
organization. Functional Medicine is a dynamic approach to assessing, preventing, and treating complex and
chronic diseases using nutrition. This area of healthcare also conducts research on the role that nutrition
plays in health.
Example of Cardiovascular Disease

• When taking a nutritional approach to health and disease, it is important to

understand that one disease might have multiple causes, and one underlying
dysfunction might cause multiple diseases. Cardiovascular disease may be among the
clearest examples of this concept.
• Researchers have shown that the development of heart disease can be triggered by
multiple factors. These factors include insulin resistance, elevated homocysteine,
oxidative stress, elevated cholesterol, hypertension, heavy metal toxicity, stress, and
inflammation. Each of these factors can be influenced by nutrition and each, in turn,
impact our nutritional needs. This applies both to the prevention and treatment of
these factors (Textbook of Functional Medicine).
• For example, a 2007 study shows the importance of optimal mineral balance and how
a deficiency in mineral balance can contribute to the development of congestive
heart failure (Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2007).
 component of Functional Medicine

• One component of Functional Medicine focuses on how diet impacts health and function.
When Functional Medicine practitioners examine the role of nutrition in chronic disease,
they look at multiple systems, such as the digestive system, the immune system, and the
detoxification system, because of the interconnections between those systems. For
instance, because 80% of the immune system is contained in the gastrointestinal system, a
person's issues with immunity could be related to faulty digestion.
• Functional Medicine maintains that chronic disease is almost always preceded by a period
of declining health in one or more of the body's systems. Thus, these practitioners seek to
identify early the symptoms that indicate underlying dysfunction, possibly leading to
disease.
• One of the ways Functional Medicine seeks to address declining health is to provide the
foods and nutrients needed to restore function. This is a cost effective, non-invasive
intervention that aims to stop the progression into disease.